National Debt (% of GDP): Spain
Spain's national debt (% of gdp) is currently 98.7% as of 2026. # Spain National Debt (% of GDP) Spain's national debt stood at 98.
Current (2026)
98.7%
-1.7% y/y
Peak (2020)
119.2%
Low (1980)
16.1%
Source
IMF World Economic Outlook
1980–2026 · 51 pts
National Debt (% of GDP) — Spain
1980 — 2026
National Debt (% of GDP) — Spain
Analysis# Spain National Debt (% of GDP)
Spain's national debt stood at 98.7% of GDP in 2026, down from its all-time peak of 119.2% in 2020. Since 1980, when debt represented just 16.1% of GDP, Spain's debt burden has increased by 513%, reflecting decades of fiscal pressures and the acute impact of the 2008 financial crisis. The current level remains elevated by historical standards, though notably improved from the pandemic's peak.
Spain's debt trajectory reveals a sharp spike during the COVID-19 crisis, followed by consistent year-over-year declines since 2020. Annual reductions averaging 1-2 percentage points have characterized the recovery period from 2021 through 2026. If this downward trend continues as projected, Spain's debt-to-GDP ratio should approach 96% by 2030, though it will remain substantially higher than pre-crisis levels.
Historical Data
51 Rows| Year | Value | Change % |
|---|---|---|
| 2030 | 92.6% | -1.59% |
| 2029 | 94.1% | -1.47% |
| 2028 | 95.5% | -1.44% |
| 2027 | 96.9% | -1.82% |
| 2026 | 98.7% | -1.69% |
| 2025 | 100.4% | -1.18% |
| 2024 | 101.6% | -3.33% |
| 2023 | 105.1% | -3.75% |
| 2022 | 109.2% | -5.54% |
| 2021 | 115.6% | -3.02% |
| 2020 | 119.2% | +22.13% |
| 2019 | 97.6% | -2.11% |
| 2018 | 99.7% | -1.38% |
| 2017 | 101.1% | -0.88% |
| 2016 | 102.0% | -0.39% |
| 2015 | 102.4% | -1.92% |
| 2014 | 104.4% | +4.40% |
| 2013 | 100.0% | +11.61% |
| 2012 | 89.6% | +28.92% |
| 2011 | 69.5% | +15.26% |
Show all 51 rows
| Year | Value | Change % |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 60.3% | +13.56% |
| 2009 | 53.1% | +34.09% |
| 2008 | 39.6% | +10.92% |
| 2007 | 35.7% | -8.46% |
| 2006 | 39.0% | -8.02% |
| 2005 | 42.4% | -6.40% |
| 2004 | 45.3% | -5.03% |
| 2003 | 47.7% | -6.84% |
| 2002 | 51.2% | -5.36% |
| 2001 | 54.1% | -6.40% |
| 2000 | 57.8% | -5.09% |
| 1999 | 60.9% | -2.40% |
| 1998 | 62.4% | -2.95% |
| 1997 | 64.3% | -1.68% |
| 1996 | 65.4% | +6.17% |
| 1995 | 61.6% | +8.07% |
| 1994 | 57.0% | +4.40% |
| 1993 | 54.6% | +23.81% |
| 1992 | 44.1% | +5.25% |
| 1991 | 41.9% | +1.45% |
| 1990 | 41.3% | +3.51% |
| 1989 | 39.9% | +3.64% |
| 1988 | 38.5% | -8.11% |
| 1987 | 41.9% | -0.48% |
| 1986 | 42.1% | +2.93% |
| 1985 | 40.9% | +13.61% |
| 1984 | 36.0% | +22.03% |
| 1983 | 29.5% | +20.90% |
| 1982 | 24.4% | +25.77% |
| 1981 | 19.4% | +20.50% |
| 1980 | 16.1% | — |
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