The Global Reference ArchiveThe Chronicle of
The Chronicle of
Human Existence.
18,458Biographies
12,498Historical Events
2,054Armed Conflicts
995Nobel Laureates
62Inventions
111Countries
Today in History
August 28 · 25 events1238
1238 battle between Icelandic clans
1238 battle between Icelandic clans
war
1573
Battle during the Eighty Years' War
Battle during the Eighty Years' War
war
1640
1640 battle in Newburn, Northumberland, England
1640 battle in Newburn, Northumberland, England
war
1651
1651 battle that took place during the Third English Civil War
1651 battle that took place during the Third English Civil War
war
1656
1656 military engagement of the Deluge in Greater Poland
1656 military engagement of the Deluge in Greater Poland
war
Macro Indicators
Global Data HubTrillions USD
Years at birth
% annual
Tons per capita
The Encyclopedia Matrix
Famous People
18,458 recordsBirthdays
366 day pagesDeaths
366 day pagesWars & Conflicts
2,054 recordsHistorical Events
12,498 eventsNobel Prizes
995 laureatesInventions
62 recordsEmpires
1,406 realmsDynasties
Royal lineagesTreaties
0 treatiesPeriods & Eras
Historical spansDisasters
1,430 recordsPlaces
Historic sitesPopulation Data
111 nationsEconomic Data
Macro indicatorsChronology of Conflicts
Explore Military HistoryArchives by Nation State
Browse All 111 CountriesTimeline Navigation
All YearsExplore centuries for key events, births, and deaths per decade.
Nobel Laureates
2025 Winners →The Nobel Prize Archive
Complete records of all 995 laureates across 6 categories since 1901.