The Global Reference ArchiveThe Chronicle of
The Chronicle of
Human Existence.
18,458Biographies
12,498Historical Events
2,054Armed Conflicts
995Nobel Laureates
62Inventions
111Countries
Today in History
October 13 · 19 events1042
Battle in the Balkans in 1042
Battle in the Balkans in 1042
war
1213
Battle in 1213 in modern-day Belgium
Battle in 1213 in modern-day Belgium
war
1574
Siege of Leiden by the Spanish army, 1573-1574
Siege of Leiden by the Spanish army, 1573-1574
war
1644
1644 naval battle of the Torstenson War
1644 naval battle of the Torstenson War
war
1667
Recapture of Fort Zeelandia
Recapture of Fort Zeelandia
war
Macro Indicators
Global Data HubTrillions USD
Years at birth
% annual
Tons per capita
The Encyclopedia Matrix
Famous People
18,458 recordsBirthdays
366 day pagesDeaths
366 day pagesWars & Conflicts
2,054 recordsHistorical Events
12,498 eventsNobel Prizes
995 laureatesInventions
62 recordsEmpires
1,406 realmsDynasties
Royal lineagesTreaties
0 treatiesPeriods & Eras
Historical spansDisasters
1,430 recordsPlaces
Historic sitesPopulation Data
111 nationsEconomic Data
Macro indicatorsChronology of Conflicts
Explore Military HistoryArchives by Nation State
Browse All 111 CountriesTimeline Navigation
All YearsExplore centuries for key events, births, and deaths per decade.
Nobel Laureates
2025 Winners →The Nobel Prize Archive
Complete records of all 995 laureates across 6 categories since 1901.