HistoryData
disaster1989

Major earthquake in northern California

October 17, 1989

A magnitude 6.9 earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay Area during a live World Series broadcast, killing 63 people and causing widespread structural failures.

Quick Facts

Year
1989
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Magnitude
6.9 Mw
Deaths
63
Injuries
3,757
Max Mercalli Intensity
IX (Violent)
Epicenter
Forest of Nisene Marks State Park, Santa Cruz County
Date and Time
October 17, 1989, 5:04 p.m. PST

By the Numbers

6.9
Magnitude
63
Deaths
3,757
Injuries
1,719,895
Date and Time

Location

Map of Santa Cruz, United StatesMap of Santa Cruz, United StatesSanta Cruz, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been largely dormant since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, earning designation as a seismic gap. Two moderate foreshocks in June 1988 and August 1989 preceded the main rupture, signaling renewed activity along the fault beneath the Santa Cruz Mountains.

Event

On October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. PST, a magnitude 6.9 earthquake ruptured the San Andreas Fault System near Loma Prieta Peak in Santa Cruz County. The shaking reached a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of IX and caused heavy damage across Santa Cruz County, the San Francisco Peninsula, and the East Bay, including liquefaction in San Francisco's Marina District and widespread landslides.

Consequence

The earthquake killed 63 people and injured 3,757 others. The collapse of a double-deck section of the Nimitz Freeway in Oakland accounted for the greatest single concentration of casualties. Lighter-than-normal rush-hour traffic—due to the imminent World Series game at Candlestick Park—likely reduced the death toll from the failure of multiple major Bay Area transportation structures.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 63 (earthquake)

earthquakeMagnitude 6.9 Mw
Santa Cruz CountyMonterey CountySan FranciscoOaklandSan Francisco PeninsulaEast BayMarina DistrictSanta Cruz MountainsLos Gatos

Timeline Context

Timeline around 19891989198619871988199019911992Anti-Hindu violence in BangladeshInternational athletics championship eventRemoval of 'Iron Curtain' from the border of Austria and HungaryCanadian political controversy1989 air battle between Libyan and US aircraftUnrest after the shooting of Clement LloydEvent in Indonesia 1989Bomb attack by the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 19891989-loma-prieta-earthquake-1989