HistoryData
war1639

1639 naval battle of the Eighty Years' War

February 18, 1639

A Dutch blockade sortie off Dunkirk ended inconclusively, allowing the Spanish squadron to eventually complete its mission after Tromp's fleet withdrew with heavy damage.

Quick Facts

Year
1639
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
18 February 1639
Battle duration
4 hours
Walloon troops transported
2000 soldiers
Spanish galleons lost/grounded
3 (2 captured, 1 aground)
Dutch outcome
Forced to abandon blockade due to ship damage

By the Numbers

18
Date
4
Battle duration
2,000soldiers
Walloon troops transported
3
Spanish galleons lost/grounded

Location

Map of Dunkirk, FranceMap of Dunkirk, FranceDunkirk, France

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

During the Eighty Years' War, the Spanish Dunkirk Squadron under Miguel de Horna was ordered to join Admiral Antonio de Oquendo's fleet at A Coruña. Horna simultaneously needed to escort a convoy of 2,000 Walloon soldiers to Spain. A Dutch blockading squadron under Admiral Maarten Tromp was stationed off Dunkirk, directly obstructing this mission.

Event

On 18 February 1639, Horna's squadron attempted to exit Dunkirk in the presence of Tromp's blockading fleet. A four-hour naval engagement followed. The Spanish were repulsed; Horna retreated into Dunkirk, leaving two galleons behind while a third ran aground. However, Tromp's ships sustained heavy damage in the fighting.

Consequence

Despite tactically stopping the Spanish sortie, Tromp was compelled to abandon the blockade due to his fleet's damage. This allowed Horna to repair his squadron and subsequently accomplish his original mission of escorting the convoy and joining Oquendo's fleet, making the Dutch tactical success strategically hollow.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Dutch Republic
Key Commanders

Maarten Tromp.

Side B

1 belligerent

Spanish Empire (Dunkirk Squadron)
Key Commanders

Miguel de Horna.

Outcome
Inconclusive: Dutch forced Horna to retreat but abandoned blockade due to damage, allowing Spain to eventually complete its mission.

Timeline Context

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