HistoryData
war1803

1803 marked the opening shots of the Blockade of Saint-Domingue

June 28, 1803

The first naval engagement of the Blockade of Saint-Domingue, notable for a French frigate evading three British ships of the line.

Quick Facts

Year
1803
Category
war

Key Facts

Date of action
28 June 1803
British ships of the line
3 (74-gun each)
French vessels involved
Poursuivante (frigate) and Mignonne (corvette)
French vessel captured
Mignonne
French vessel escaped
Poursuivante, into Môle-Saint-Nicolas
Commemorative painting commissioned
1819, by Louis-Philippe Crépin

By the Numbers

28
Date of action
3
British ships of the line
1,819
Commemorative painting commissioned

Location

Map of Môle-Saint-Nicolas, HaitiMap of Môle-Saint-Nicolas, HaitiMôle-Saint-Nicolas, Haiti

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The collapse of the Treaty of Amiens led Britain to declare war on France on 18 May 1803 as part of the War of the Third Coalition. French ships Poursuivante and Mignonne, both partially armed en flûte, were unaware of the renewed hostilities when they encountered British forces off Saint-Domingue.

Event

Three British 74-gun ships of the line intercepted the French frigate Poursuivante and corvette Mignonne near Saint-Domingue. Mignonne was overhauled and captured, but Poursuivante, commanded by Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez, sailed close to shore, outmanoeuvred HMS Hercule, delivered a raking broadside, and escaped into Môle-Saint-Nicolas.

Consequence

The escape of Poursuivante brought high praise to Willaumez for his seamanship in evading a far superior force. The action was commemorated in a large painting commissioned in 1819 from artist Louis-Philippe Crépin, and the engagement marked the opening of the British blockade of Saint-Domingue.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Great Britain

Side B

1 belligerent

France
Key Commanders

Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez.

Outcome
French corvette Mignonne captured; French frigate Poursuivante escaped into Môle-Saint-Nicolas

Timeline Context

Timeline around 180318031800180118021804180518061803 treaty between the United States and Native AmericansLouisiana Purchase — 1803 acquisition by the U.S. of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana1803 naval battle between the United States and the Tripoli Eyalet1803 treaty between the United States and the Kaskaskia1803 treaty between the United States and Choctaw1803 battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War1803 battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War1803 major battle of the Second War of Haitian Independenceaction-of-28-june-1803-1803