HistoryData
war235

235 battle between Roman and Germanic troops (c.235)

January 1, 0235

One of the few confirmed Roman battlefield sites in northern Germany, offering rare archaeological evidence of Roman military operations deep into Germanic territory.

Quick Facts

Year
235
Category
war

Key Facts

Approximate date
Early 3rd century AD, c. 222–238
Discovery date
December 2008
Battlefield area
Several square kilometers
Probable emperors' reigns
Severus Alexander (222–235) or Maximinus Thrax (235–238)
Location
Near Harzhorn hill, between Kalefeld and Bad Gandersheim

By the Numbers

3
Approximate date
2,008
Discovery date
222
Probable emperors' reigns

Location

Map of Kalefeld, GermanyMap of Kalefeld, GermanyKalefeld, Germany

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Roman military campaigns into Germanic territory during the 3rd century brought Roman forces into the region of present-day Lower Saxony. The presence of Roman coinage dating to the reigns of Severus Alexander or Maximinus Thrax suggests an expedition into territory well beyond the traditional Roman frontier, likely part of efforts to suppress Germanic incursions or project Roman power northward.

Event

A battle took place near the Harzhorn hill between Roman and Germanic troops, in an area spanning several square kilometers. The site, located between the modern towns of Kalefeld and Bad Gandersheim, preserves archaeological evidence of the engagement including military artifacts and coinage that help narrow the date to the period 222–238 AD.

Consequence

The battlefield was rediscovered in December 2008 and is considered one of the most significant Roman archaeological finds in northern Germany. Ongoing excavations have provided scholars with rare physical evidence of Roman military presence deep in Germanic territory, comparable in importance to the Kalkriese battlefield and Roman camps at Bentumersiel and Hedemünden.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Roman Empire

Side B

1 belligerent

Germanic tribes

Timeline Context

Timeline around 235235232233234236237238235 siege between Roman and Sasanian forcesbattle-at-the-harzhorn-235