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war1644

Battle in Aberdeen City, Scotland, UK

September 13, 1644

A Royalist victory in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in which Montrose routed a Covenanter force near Aberdeen in September 1644.

Quick Facts

Year
1644
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
13 September 1644
Also known as
Battle of Justice Mills; Crabstane Rout
Conflict
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Royalist commander
James Graham, Lord Montrose
Covenanter commander
Robert Balfour, 2nd Lord Balfour of Burleigh

Location

Map of Aberdeen, Scotland, United KingdomMap of Aberdeen, Scotland, United KingdomAberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Royalist forces under James Graham, Lord Montrose were campaigning in Scotland against the Covenanter-dominated Parliament of Scotland. The Covenanters raised a local army under Robert Balfour, 2nd Lord Balfour of Burleigh to oppose Montrose's advance toward Aberdeen.

Event

On 13 September 1644, Royalist forces under Montrose engaged the Covenanter army outside the city of Aberdeen, near the area known as Justice Mills. Montrose's troops routed the opposing Covenanter force in a decisive engagement, giving the Royalists clear superiority on the field.

Consequence

The Covenanter army was routed, leaving Aberdeen exposed to the Royalist forces. The battle, sometimes called the Crabstane Rout, reinforced Montrose's campaign momentum in Scotland during the wider Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The battlefield was later assessed under Scotland's Historical Environment Policy of 2009 but did not qualify for formal inventory and protection.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Royalists
Key Commanders

James Graham, Lord Montrose.

Side B

1 belligerent

Covenanters (Parliament of Scotland)
Key Commanders

Robert Balfour, 2nd Lord Balfour of Burleigh.

Outcome
Royalist victory; Covenanter army routed

Timeline Context

Timeline around 16441644164116421643164516461647September to November 1644 siege of a castle in North Yorkshire, EnglandSkirmish between Danes and Dutch in Malacca, 16441644 siege during the Franco-Spanish War1644 battle in England; part of the First English Civil War1644 battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and a horde of Crimean Tatars1644 English Civil War battleBattle that took place during the First English Civil War1644 rebellion in Beijing, China which deposed the Ming dynastybattle-of-aberdeen-1644