HistoryData
war1385

1385 battle in Portugal

August 14, 1385

The Battle of Aljubarrota secured Portuguese independence, ended the 1383–85 Crisis, and established the House of Aviz dynasty.

Quick Facts

Year
1385
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
14 August 1385
Result
Decisive Portuguese victory
Portuguese commander
King John I of Portugal
Constable
Nuno Álvares Pereira
Opposing side
Kingdom of Castile with Aragonese, French, and Genoese allies
Dynasty established
House of Aviz

Location

Map of São Jorge, between Leiria and Alcobaça, PortugalMap of São Jorge, between Leiria and Alcobaça, PortugalSão Jorge, between Leiria and Alcobaça, Portugal

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The 1383–85 Crisis arose from a disputed succession to the Portuguese throne, with King John I of Castile pressing his claim and threatening to absorb Portugal into Castile. This prompted John of Aviz, supported by Portuguese nobles and English allies, to assert a rival claim and mobilize for war.

Event

On 14 August 1385, Portuguese forces under King John I and Constable Nuno Álvares Pereira, aided by English troops, engaged and defeated the larger Castilian army—which included Aragonese, French, and Genoese contingents—at São Jorge in central Portugal, achieving a swift and decisive outcome.

Consequence

The victory ended Castilian ambitions to the Portuguese throne and concluded the 1383–85 Crisis, securing Portuguese independence. The House of Aviz was firmly established as the ruling dynasty, and while minor border skirmishes with Castile continued until John I of Castile's death in 1390, they posed no serious threat.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

2 belligerents

Kingdom of PortugalEnglish allies
Key Commanders

John I of Portugal, Nuno Álvares Pereira.

Side B

2 belligerents

Crown of CastileAragonese and French allies; Genoese mercenaries
Key Commanders

John I of Castile.

Outcome
Decisive Portuguese victory; Castilian claim to Portuguese throne nullified; House of Aviz established

Timeline Context

Timeline around 138513851382138313841386138713881385 battle in Portugal1385 document between Poland and Lithuania1385 battle between Ottoman and Zetan forces in modern-day AlbaniaBattle of the Portuguese Crisis of 1383-1385battle-of-aljubarrota-1385