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war1945

1945 battle in the Eastern Front of World War II

January 1, 1945

One of the last Eastern Front battles of WWII, fought in April 1945, where Polish and Soviet forces repelled a German counterattack near Bautzen despite heavy losses.

Quick Facts

Year
1945
Category
war

Key Facts

Major combat start
21 April 1945
Major combat end
26–28 April 1945
Final isolated clashes
Until 30 April 1945
Polish army commander
General Karol Świerczewski
Frontline context
Southern flank of Spremberg-Torgau Offensive
German forces
Remnants of 4th Panzer and 17th Armies

By the Numbers

21
Major combat start
26
Major combat end
30
Final isolated clashes
4
German forces

Location

Map of Bautzen, GermanyMap of Bautzen, GermanyBautzen, Germany

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

As Ivan Konev's 1st Ukrainian Front drove toward Berlin during the Soviet Berlin Offensive in April 1945, the southern flank of the advance was exposed. German Army Group Center, comprising remnants of the 4th Panzer and 17th Armies, launched a counterattack along the Bautzen–Niesky line to exploit this vulnerability and potentially break through to the rear of advancing Polish and Soviet forces.

Event

From 21 to 30 April 1945, Polish Second Army forces and elements of Soviet 52nd and 5th Guards Armies fought pitched street battles against German Army Group Center in and around Bautzen. German forces successfully recaptured the town, while the Polish Second Army under Świerczewski suffered heavy casualties. Soviet reinforcements were committed to prevent a deeper German breakthrough.

Consequence

Although the German operation retook Bautzen and held it until the war's end, historians generally regard the offensive as a strategic failure, as the Polish–Soviet frontline was not seriously breached. The Polish and Soviet forces stabilized along the Kamenz–Doberschütz–Dauban line and subsequently prepared to advance toward Prague. The battle had no meaningful impact on the concurrent fall of Berlin.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

2 belligerents

Polish Second Army (Soviet-aligned)Soviet 52nd Army & 5th Guards Army
Key Commanders

Karol Świerczewski, Ivan Konev.

Side B

2 belligerents

German 4th Panzer Army (remnants)German 17th Army (remnants)
Outcome
Contested; Germany retook Bautzen tactically but failed to break through strategically; Polish-Soviet line held

Timeline Context

Timeline around 194519451942194319441946194719481945 major battle of the Pacific WarSecond World War battle from April 14-18, 1945Final World War II operations in Slovenia in May 1945.Treaty transferring territory between the United States and Soviet occupation zones of Germany after World War IIBorneo campaign — 1945 last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area during World War IILasker Award — American medical science award2nd Golden Globe Awards — 1945 film award ceremony, on the 16th of April in Beverly Hills, California, United States of America, honoring achievements in 1944 filmmakingManila massacre — atrocities committed against Filipino civilians by Japanese troops at the Battle of Manilabattle-of-bautzen-1945