HistoryData
war1815

1815 battle during the War of the Seventh Coalition

June 16, 1815

The Battle of Ligny was Napoleon's last military victory, though the surviving Prussian army later contributed to his decisive defeat at Waterloo two days later.

Quick Facts

Year
1815
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
16 June 1815
Conflict
War of the Seventh Coalition
Napoleon's last victory
Final battlefield win of Napoleon's military career
Blücher's fate
Wounded and removed from command during battle
Days before Waterloo
2 days

Location

Map of Ligny, BelgiumMap of Ligny, BelgiumLigny, Belgium

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

During the Hundred Days campaign, Napoleon sought to defeat the allied forces piecemeal before they could unite. He directed the Armée du Nord against the Prussian forces under Field Marshal Blücher near Ligny on 16 June 1815, hoping to eliminate them as a fighting force before turning against Wellington's Anglo-allied army.

Event

French forces under Napoleon attacked and defeated part of the Prussian army at Ligny on 16 June 1815. In the climactic phase of the battle, Blücher was wounded and temporarily replaced by his chief of staff, Lieutenant General Gneisenau. The French won a tactical victory, but failed to destroy the Prussian army, which retreated in good order.

Consequence

Although France secured a tactical victory, the bulk of the Prussian army survived intact and was subsequently reinforced. Two days later, these Prussian forces joined the Anglo-allied army at the Battle of Waterloo, contributing directly to Napoleon's final defeat. Ligny proved to be the last battle Napoleon ever won.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

French Empire (Armée du Nord)
Key Commanders

Napoleon I.

Side B

1 belligerent

Kingdom of Prussia
Key Commanders

Field Marshal Blücher, Lieutenant General Gneisenau.

Outcome
French tactical victory; Prussian army survived and retreated in good order

Timeline Context

Timeline around 181518151812181318141816181718181815 treaties between the United States and Algeria1815 eruption of Mount Tambora — catastrophic volcanic eruption in present-day IndonesiaUnification of Italy — creation of the politically and administratively integrated nation of Italy (1815–1871)Ottoman battle in Hejaz, 19th centuryCongress of Vienna — conference of ambassadors of European states (September/November 1814 to June 1815)Capture of HMS CyaneBattle of the Neapolitan WarSecond Serbian Uprising — 1815–1817 revolt in Serbia against the Ottoman Empirebattle-of-ligny-1815