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war1916

1916 WWI battle on the Sinai peninsula

December 23, 1916

An EEF victory at Magdhaba eliminated an Ottoman garrison and secured El Arish, advancing the Allied campaign across the Sinai.

Quick Facts

Year
1916
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
23 December 1916
Distance inland from coast
18–25 miles (29–40 km)
Redoubts captured
6
Attacking force
Anzac Mounted Division (Australian, British, New Zealand)
Campaign
Sinai and Palestine Campaign, Defence of Egypt

By the Numbers

23
Date
18
Distance inland from coast
6
Redoubts captured

Location

Map of Magdhaba, EgyptMap of Magdhaba, EgyptMagdhaba, Egypt

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Following the British victory at the Battle of Romani in August 1916, Ottoman forces retreated eastward to El Arish. Over the next three months, the EEF consolidated captured territory, built railway and pipeline infrastructure, and conducted patrols destroying water sources to deny Ottoman use of the desert, setting conditions for a renewed advance.

Event

On 23 December 1916, the Anzac Mounted Division launched a dawn assault after a night march against six well-entrenched Ottoman redoubts at Magdhaba on the Wadi al-Arish. Australian, British, and New Zealand mounted infantry dismounted close to the front line and attacked with bayonets, supported by artillery, machine guns, and aircraft reconnaissance, eventually capturing all redoubts by late afternoon.

Consequence

The Ottoman garrison at Magdhaba surrendered, eliminating the defensive threat to El Arish, which had already been abandoned by Ottoman forces. The victory secured the EEF's hold on the region and cleared the way for further Allied advances into the Sinai and ultimately toward Palestine.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Egyptian Expeditionary Force (British Empire / Anzac Mounted Division)

Side B

1 belligerent

Ottoman Empire garrison
Outcome
EEF (Allied) victory; Ottoman garrison surrendered and all six redoubts captured

Timeline Context

Timeline around 19161916191319141915191719181919Basmachi movement — decentralized decolonial movement which undertook a uprising against Russian Imperial and Soviet rule by the Muslim peoples of Central Asia (1916–1934)1916 Summer Olympics — Games of the VI Olympiad, scheduled to be played in Berlin, Germany, in 1916 but canceled due to World War I1916 battle on the Eastern Front during World War I1916 part of the battle of the Somme1916 South American Championship — football tournamentFirst Feminist Congress in Yucatán, MexicoDuring World War I, between a mine-sweeping squadron of the Royal Navy and German torpedo boatsNaval engagement fought during the First World Warbattle-of-magdhaba-1916