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war1876

June 1876 battle of the Great Sioux War

June 25, 1876

The most significant battle of the Great Sioux War of 1876, resulting in the total defeat of five companies of the U.S. 7th Cavalry and the death of Lt. Col. Custer.

Quick Facts

Year
1876
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
June 25–26, 1876
U.S. Force Size
700 men, 7th Cavalry Regiment
U.S. Dead
268 soldiers
U.S. Severely Wounded
55 soldiers
Companies Wiped Out
5 of 12 companies destroyed
Commander Killed
Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer

By the Numbers

25
Date
700
U.S. Force Size
268soldiers
U.S. Dead
55soldiers
U.S. Severely Wounded

Location

Map of Little Bighorn River, Montana Territory, United StatesMap of Little Bighorn River, Montana Territory, United StatesLittle Bighorn River, Montana Territory, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Lakota Sioux expansion into Crow treaty lands, white encroachment into the sacred Black Hills, and broader U.S. displacement of native tribes around Fort Laramie created mounting tensions. The U.S. Army launched a campaign in 1876 to force non-treaty Lakota and their allies back onto reservations, setting the stage for direct military confrontation along the Little Bighorn River.

Event

On June 25–26, 1876, Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer led the 7th Cavalry Regiment in an attack on a large encampment of Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors along the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory. Warriors led by Crazy Horse, Chief Gall, and inspired by Sitting Bull's visions overwhelmed and annihilated five of Custer's twelve companies, killing Custer and 268 U.S. soldiers total.

Consequence

The battle was a major military victory for the allied tribes but ultimately accelerated U.S. punitive campaigns that forced the Lakota and Cheyenne onto reservations within months. Custer became a celebrated martyr in American popular culture for decades, though his reputation was later reappraised by historians. Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument now commemorates those who fought on both sides.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

United States Army, 7th Cavalry Regiment
Peak Mobilized Forces700
Estimated Casualties323
Casualty Rate46.1%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer.

Side B

1 belligerent

Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes
Key Commanders

Crazy Horse, Chief Gall, Sitting Bull.

Total Casualties (all sides)
323
Outcome
Decisive victory for the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho; 7th Cavalry defeated with five companies annihilated and Custer killed

Timeline Context

Timeline around 18761876187318741875187718781879April Uprising of 1876 — Bulgarian uprising against the Ottoman EmpireBattle during the Great Sioux War of 1876Ottoman constitution of 1876 — first constitution of the Ottoman EmpireCentennial Exposition — first official World's Fair in the United States, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania1877 war between buffalo hunters and the ComancheJapan–Korea Treaty of 1876 — 1876 unequal treaty which forced the Korea to open the Korean Peninsula to Japanese and foreign trade1876 military battle fought during the Black Hills WarBattle in Idaho and Montana, part of the Great Sioux War of 1876battle-of-the-little-bighorn-1876