Series of conflicts between Dzungar Khanate and the Qing dynasty of China under Qianlong Emperor
The Dzungar–Qing Wars ended with Qing conquest of Outer Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang, and the near-genocide of the Dzungar people.
Key Facts
- Duration
- Decades-long series of conflicts
- Primary belligerents
- Dzungar Khanate vs. Qing dynasty
- Theater of war
- Inner Asia: Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang
- Outcome
- Qing victory; incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet, Xinjiang
- Dzungar fate
- Genocide of much of the Dzungar population in conquered areas
- Qing territorial control lasted until
- Fall of the dynasty, 1911–1912
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
The Dzungar Khanate, a powerful Oirat Mongol confederation in Central Asia, competed with the expanding Qing dynasty for dominance over Inner Asian territories and Mongol vassals. Ongoing rivalry over control of Mongolia, Tibet, and surrounding regions created sustained military tension that escalated into open warfare beginning in the late seventeenth century.
The Dzungar–Qing Wars were a decades-long series of campaigns fought across Inner Asia, including present-day central and eastern Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang. The Qing dynasty, supported by its Mongol vassals, engaged the Dzungar Khanate in repeated large-scale military operations under successive emperors, culminating in decisive Qing offensives under the Qianlong Emperor.
Qing victories resulted in the incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet, and Xinjiang into the Qing Empire, a territorial configuration that persisted until the dynasty's collapse in 1911–1912. The Dzungar population in the conquered areas suffered genocide, effectively destroying the Dzungar Khanate as a political and demographic entity and eliminating the last major nomadic challenge to Qing authority in Inner Asia.
Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis
Side A
2 belligerents
Side B
1 belligerent