HistoryData
war1570

Conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League from 1570 to 1573

July 7, 1570

The war ended Venetian rule over Cyprus and produced the Battle of Lepanto, the largest naval battle of the 16th century.

Quick Facts

Year
1570
Category
war

Key Facts

Duration
1570–1573
Siege of Famagusta
11 months, fell August 1571
Venetian indemnity paid
300,000 ducats ducats
Key naval battle
Battle of Lepanto, October 1571
Territory ceded
Cyprus transferred to Ottoman Empire

By the Numbers

1,570
Duration
11
Siege of Famagusta
300,000ducats
Venetian indemnity paid
1,571
Key naval battle

Location

Map of CyprusMap of CyprusCyprus

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim II sought to seize Cyprus from the Republic of Venice, viewing the island as a strategically vital possession in the eastern Mediterranean. Venice's refusal to cede Cyprus diplomatically prompted the Ottomans to launch a full-scale military invasion in 1570.

Event

Ottoman forces invaded Cyprus in 1570, swiftly capturing Nicosia and other towns before besieging Famagusta for eleven months until its fall in August 1571. In response, a Holy League of Christian states—including Venice, Spain, Genoa, Savoy, the Knights Hospitaller, and Tuscany—assembled a combined fleet that destroyed the Ottoman navy at the Battle of Lepanto in October 1571.

Consequence

Despite the Christian naval victory at Lepanto, the Ottomans rapidly rebuilt their fleet and compelled Venice to negotiate a separate peace in 1573. Venice formally ceded Cyprus to the Ottoman Empire and paid an indemnity of 300,000 ducats, ending Venetian presence on the island and consolidating Ottoman dominance in the eastern Mediterranean.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Ottoman Empire

Side B

5 belligerents

Republic of VeniceSpain (with Naples and Sicily)Republic of GenoaKnights HospitallerDuchy of Savoy / Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Outcome
Ottoman victory; Venice ceded Cyprus and paid 300,000 ducats indemnity by Treaty of 1573

Timeline Context

Timeline around 157015701567156815691571157215731570 treaty in Transylvania1570 battle in Scotland1570 Scottish clan battleBattle in 1570 between Spanish colonizers and Rajah Sulayman16th-century war fought in Scandinaviaottomanvenetian-war-of-15701573-1570