HistoryData
war1919

Attempted scuttling of the captured German fleet in 1919

June 21, 1919

The largest scuttling in naval history, in which 52 German warships sank at Scapa Flow, shaping post-war naval power negotiations.

Quick Facts

Year
1919
Category
war

Key Facts

Total vessels interned
74
Vessels sunk
52
Date of scuttling
21 June 1919
Fleet commander
Admiral Ludwig von Reuter
Location
Scapa Flow, Orkney Islands, Scotland

By the Numbers

74
Total vessels interned
52
Vessels sunk
21
Date of scuttling

Location

Map of Scapa Flow, United KingdomMap of Scapa Flow, United KingdomScapa Flow, United Kingdom

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Following the Armistice of 11 November 1918, the German High Seas Fleet was interned at Scapa Flow while peace negotiations proceeded. Admiral Ludwig von Reuter feared the British might seize the ships unilaterally, or that Germany might reject the Treaty of Versailles and resume hostilities, potentially turning the vessels against Germany.

Event

On 21 June 1919, Reuter ordered the scuttling of the interned fleet. German sailors opened sea-cocks and flooded their vessels while British guard ships attempted to intervene, managing to beach some ships. Despite these efforts, 52 of the 74 interned warships sank at Scapa Flow.

Consequence

The loss of the fleet significantly altered the distribution of naval power among the Allied nations after the war. Over the following two decades, many wrecks were salvaged and scrapped. The remaining wrecks became notable diving sites and a source of low-background steel, valued for use in sensitive scientific instruments.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Imperial German Navy
Key Commanders

Admiral Ludwig von Reuter.

Side B

1 belligerent

British Royal Navy
Outcome
52 of 74 interned German vessels scuttled and sunk; some ships beached by British intervention

Timeline Context

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