This 1423 defensive pact united Burgundy, Brittany, and England against Charles VII, sustaining the Anglo-Burgundian dual monarchy established at Troyes until 1435.
Key Facts
- Date signed
- 13 April 1423
- English representative
- John, Duke of Bedford
- Burgundian representative
- Duke Philip the Good
- Breton representative
- Arthur de Richemont
- Alliance lasted until
- 1435
- King acknowledged as King of France
- Henry VI of England
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
The Treaty of Troyes (1420) had established Henry V of England as heir to the French throne, creating a dual monarchy. Maintaining this arrangement required a broad coalition of allies against the Valois claimant Charles VII during the ongoing Hundred Years' War.
On 13 April 1423, representatives of Burgundy, Brittany, and England signed the Treaty of Amiens, forming a defensive alliance. All three parties recognized Henry VI as King of France and pledged mutual aid against Charles VII. The pact was further cemented by arranging marriages between the Duke of Bedford and Arthur de Richemont to sisters of Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy.
The treaty helped preserve the Anglo-Burgundian alliance for over a decade until 1435, sustaining the dual monarchy of England and France. Its eventual collapse, when Burgundy reconciled with France at the Congress of Arras in 1435, critically weakened the English position in the Hundred Years' War.
Political Outcome
Defensive alliance formed; all parties recognized Henry VI as King of France and pledged mutual aid against Charles VII
Anglo-Burgundian alliance rested primarily on the Treaty of Troyes without formal Breton participation
Brittany joined the alliance, broadening recognition of Henry VI as King of France against the Valois claimant