HistoryData
sports1886

World Chess Championship 1886 — first chess championship, held in the United States

January 1, 1886

The 1886 match established the first official World Chess Championship title, crowning Wilhelm Steinitz as the inaugural world champion.

Quick Facts

Year
1886
Category
sports

Key Facts

Match dates
11 January – 29 March 1886
Final score
Steinitz 10 wins, Zukertort 5 wins, 5 draws
Total games played
20 games
Cities hosting the match
New York City, St. Louis, New Orleans
Win threshold
10 wins required

By the Numbers

11
Match dates
10
Final score
20games
Total games played
10wins required
Win threshold

Location

United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

By the 1880s, Wilhelm Steinitz and Johannes Zukertort had emerged as the foremost chess players in the world. Growing recognition of the need for a formal contest to determine a world champion led to the arrangement of an official match between the two rivals, to be held across multiple cities in the United States.

Event

The match was played from 11 January to 29 March 1886 across New York City, St. Louis, and New Orleans. The first player to reach ten wins would be declared champion. Steinitz defeated Zukertort by a score of 10 wins to 5, with five draws, clinching the title in the twentieth game of the contest.

Consequence

Wilhelm Steinitz became the first officially recognized World Chess Champion, establishing a precedent for formal championship matches. The 1886 contest created the framework for subsequent world championship competitions and solidified the concept of a reigning world chess champion that persists to the present day.

Result

Wilhelm Steinitz
10–5 (5 draws)
Johannes Zukertort

at New York City, St. Louis, and New Orleans, USA

First official World Chess Championship match

Timeline Context

Timeline around 188618861883188418851887188818891886 Civil unrest incident in Belfast, IrelandArmed conflict that occurred in 1886 during Geronimo's WarAnti-Chinese lynchings1886 treaty between Bulgaria and the OttomansPlessy v. Ferguson — 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case on racial segregationHaymarket affair — aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago1883 riot of Chinese sailors in Japan1886 battle between the Ethiopian Empire and Emirate of Hararworld-chess-championship-1886-first-chess-championship-he-1886