HistoryData
Historical Conflict

Action of 13 January 1797

Two British frigates outmaneuvered a French 74-gun ship of the line off Brittany, destroying it and killing hundreds after the failed Irish expedition.

Duration & Scope

1797 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Duration of engagement
More than 15 hours
Persons aboard Droits de l'Homme
1,300
French casualties (estimated)
400–1,000 dead
British sailors lost
6 drowned (HMS Amazon)
French guns
74
British frigates engaged
2 (44-gun and 36-gun)

Strategic Narrative Overview

On 13 January 1797, HMS Indefatigable and HMS Amazon sighted the 74-gun Droits de l'Homme and gave chase into worsening seas. The gale was so fierce the French ship could not open its lower gun ports, neutralising much of its firepower advantage over the smaller British vessels. The engagement lasted over 15 hours along the rocky Breton coast, with the more manoeuvrable frigates repeatedly raking the French ship and inflicting severe damage.

01 / The Origins

The action arose from France's Expédition d'Irlande, a large-scale attempt to land an expeditionary force in Ireland and support an anticipated rebellion against British rule. The fleet was plagued by poor coordination and severe winter storms, preventing any troops from landing. As the battered French fleet turned back toward France, Britain stationed frigates off Ushant to intercept vessels attempting to reach home ports.

03 / The Outcome

As the storm intensified, the Droits de l'Homme's crew lost control and the vessel was swept onto a sandbar off Brittany and wrecked, killing between 400 and 1,000 of the 1,300 aboard. HMS Amazon also ran onto a sandbank attempting to escape the lee shore, with six sailors drowned. HMS Indefatigable survived. The action marked a notable British tactical success despite the loss of one frigate.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

French Republic
Peak Mobilized Forces~1K
Estimated Casualties~1K
Casualty Rate76.9%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized

Side B

1 belligerent

Great Britain
Estimated Casualties6
Key Commanders

Edward Pellew (HMS Indefatigable), Richard Reynolds (HMS Amazon).

Outcome
British victory; Droits de l'Homme wrecked with 400–1,000 dead; HMS Amazon lost, six sailors drowned

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1797–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1797present1797Action of 13 Jan…Side B

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of FranceMap of FranceFrance