HistoryData
Historical Conflict

Avalon Peninsula Campaign

French forces destroyed 23 English settlements on Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula in 1696–1697, nearly eliminating the English colonial presence on the island during King William's War.

Duration & Scope

1696 1697

1 year

Key Facts

Settlements destroyed
23 English settlements
English killed
Over 100
Deported to England or France
Nearly 500
Duration
~3 months (Nov 1696 – early 1697)
First raid
Ferryland, November 10, 1696

Strategic Narrative Overview

Beginning with a raid on Ferryland on November 10, 1696, d'Iberville and Father Jean Baudoin led Canadians, Acadians, Mi'kmaq, and Abenakis in a systematic sweep along the Avalon Peninsula coast. Over three months, they methodically attacked and destroyed settlement after settlement, concluding with a raid on Heart's Content. Nearly every English settlement in Newfoundland was burned, with over 100 colonists killed and many others captured.

01 / The Origins

The Avalon Peninsula campaign was a military operation conducted during King William's War, the North American theater of the Nine Years' War between England and France. Following the successful Siege of Pemaquid, New France sought to drive English settlers from Newfoundland entirely. Governor Brouillan and Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville organized a mixed colonial and Indigenous force to strike English coastal settlements on the Avalon Peninsula.

03 / The Outcome

The campaign effectively eliminated organized English colonial presence in Newfoundland for the duration of the conflict. Nearly 500 English colonists were deported to England or France. Only the fortified town of St. John's was not permanently taken. The destruction demonstrated New France's capacity to project military power deep into English colonial territory, though English presence in Newfoundland was ultimately restored by treaty.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

New France (Canadians, Acadians, Mi'kmaq, Abenakis)
Key Commanders

Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan, Father Jean Baudoin.

Side B

1 belligerent

English settlers of Newfoundland
Outcome
French victory; 23 English settlements destroyed, over 100 English killed, nearly 500 deported, English colonial presence in Newfoundland nearly eliminated

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1696–1697)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.169616971696Raid on FerrylandAllied1697Raid on Heart's …Allied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of CanadaMap of CanadaCanada