HistoryData
Historical ConflictCape Finisterre

Battle of Cape Finisterre

A British squadron defeated a larger French force off Cape Finisterre in 1761, capturing the ship of the line Courageux during the Seven Years' War.

Duration & Scope

1761 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Date
13–14 August 1761
British force
1 ship of the line, 1 frigate
French force
1 ship of the line, 2 frigates
French ship captured
Courageux (74 guns)
Courageux RN service
35 years in Royal Navy after capture

Strategic Narrative Overview

On sighting the French force, comprising the 74-gun Courageux and frigates Malicieuse and Hermine, the British immediately gave chase and maintained contact overnight. On 14 August two simultaneous engagements developed: Brilliant engaged the French frigates to prevent their intervention, while Bellona closed with Courageux. Captain Robert Faulknor manoeuvred Bellona into a raking position, inflicting severe damage and heavy casualties on the French ship of the line.

01 / The Origins

During the Seven Years' War, Britain and France contested naval supremacy across multiple theatres. In August 1761, a British squadron of two vessels — the 74-gun HMS Bellona and the 36-gun frigate HMS Brilliant — was sailing from Lisbon to Britain carrying a cargo of specie when it encountered a French squadron of three ships off the northern Spanish Atlantic coast near Cape Finisterre.

03 / The Outcome

The raking fire forced Courageux to surrender, ending the main action. The two French frigates, unable to intervene effectively, withdrew after the surrender. Courageux was taken as a prize, repaired, and recommissioned into the Royal Navy, where she served for 35 years across two subsequent conflicts. Brilliant successfully held off the French frigates despite being outnumbered overall.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

France
Peak Mobilized Forces3
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized

Side B

1 belligerent

Great Britain
Peak Mobilized Forces2
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Robert Faulknor.

Outcome
British victory; Courageux captured and later commissioned into the Royal Navy; French frigates withdrew

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1761–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1761present1761Battle of Cape F…Side B1761Action of Brilli…Side B

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of SpainMap of SpainSpain