HistoryData
Historical ConflictKyiv

Battle of Kyiv

The February 1918 Bolshevik capture of Kyiv forced the Ukrainian Central Rada to flee and demonstrated Soviet intent to control Ukraine during the Brest-Litovsk negotiations.

Duration & Scope

1918 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Date of storming
5–8 February 1918 (N.S.)
Julian calendar dates
23–26 January 1918 (O.S.)
City occupied
9 February 1918
Bolshevik commander
Mikhail Muravyov
Ukrainian government evacuation
Relocated to Zhytomyr

Strategic Narrative Overview

Red Guards commander Mikhail Muravyov led Bolshevik forces in an assault on Kyiv between 5 and 8 February 1918 (New Style). The attacking formations overcame Ukrainian defenses in street fighting across the city. The assault was swift and decisive, overrunning the capital before the Ukrainian government could mount an effective resistance or receive external relief.

01 / The Origins

Following the October Revolution, Bolshevik Russia sought to extend Soviet authority over Ukraine, whose Central Rada had declared autonomy. The Red Guards of Petrograd and Moscow were dispatched as part of a broader Soviet expeditionary force operating against Don Cossack leader Kaledin and the Ukrainian Central Council. The operation unfolded while peace talks at Brest-Litovsk were ongoing, heightening the political stakes for both sides.

03 / The Outcome

Bolshevik troops occupied Kyiv on 9 February 1918, the same day Ukraine signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, which included a clause calling for German and Austro-Hungarian military intervention. The Ukrainian Central Rada evacuated to Zhytomyr. Shortly after, German and Austro-Hungarian forces advanced into Ukraine under the treaty terms, compelling the Bolsheviks to withdraw from Kyiv within weeks.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Bolshevik Red Guards (Petrograd & Moscow)
Key Commanders

Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov.

Side B

1 belligerent

Ukrainian Central Rada forces
Outcome
Bolshevik occupation of Kyiv on 9 February 1918; Ukrainian Central Rada evacuated to Zhytomyr

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1918–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1918present1918Storming of KyivAllied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Kyiv, UkraineMap of Kyiv, UkraineKyiv, Ukraine