HistoryData
Historical ConflictDamascus

Capture of Damascus

The capture of Damascus on 1 October 1918 marked the collapse of Ottoman control in Syria and accelerated the end of World War I in the Middle East.

Duration & Scope

1918 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Date
1 October 1918
Campaign
Sinai and Palestine Campaign, World War I
Preceding victory
Battle of Megiddo (September 1918)
Armies neutralised
Ottoman Fourth, Seventh, and Eighth Armies
Pursuit start
26 September 1918 from Irbid

Strategic Narrative Overview

The pursuit began on 26 September as the 4th Cavalry Division attacked rearguards at Irbid and Er Remta, while Prince Feisal's Sharifian Army seized Deraa on 27 September. The Australian Mounted Division cleared rearguards along the main road through Quneitra, Sa'sa', and the Barada Gorge. The 5th Cavalry Division attacked at Kiswe on 30 September. By the morning of 1 October, Allied forces had encircled Damascus.

01 / The Origins

Following the decisive Egyptian Expeditionary Force victory at the Battle of Megiddo in late September 1918, the Ottoman Seventh and Eighth Armies were shattered at Tulkarm and Tabsor, forcing the Fourth Army east of the Jordan to retreat from Amman. General Allenby ordered the Desert Mounted Corps to exploit the breakthrough and pursue the remnants of three broken Ottoman armies northward toward Damascus.

03 / The Outcome

Faced with encirclement by Indian British troops under Barrow, Chauvel's Desert Mounted Corps, and Arab forces under Feisal and Sharif Nasir, the German and Turkish garrison surrendered swiftly. The 3rd Light Horse Brigade marched through the city to cut the road to Homs. The fall of Damascus triggered immediate political manoeuvring among British, French, and Sharifian Arab representatives over control of Syria.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

3 belligerents

Egyptian Expeditionary Force (British Empire)Sharifian Hejaz Army (Prince Feisal)Arab Army under Sharif Nasir of Medina
Key Commanders

General Edmund Allenby, Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel, General George Barrow, Prince Feisal, Sharif Nasir of Medina.

Side B

2 belligerents

Ottoman Empire (Fourth, Seventh, Eighth Armies)German forces in Damascus
Outcome
Allied and Arab forces captured Damascus; Ottoman and German garrison surrendered; Ottoman control of Syria collapsed

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1918–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1918present1918Battle of Megidd…Allied1918Battle of NablusAllied1918Battle of SamakhAllied1918Third Transjorda…Allied1918Rearguard action…Allied1918Capture of DeraaAllied1918Action at Jisr B…Allied1918Action at Kaukab…Allied1918Action at KisweAllied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Damascus, SyriaMap of Damascus, SyriaDamascus, Syria