HistoryData
Historical ConflictSaint Vincent

Capture of Saint Vincent

French forces captured British-held Saint Vincent in June 1779, aided by Black Caribs, temporarily shifting Caribbean colonial control during the American Revolutionary War.

Duration & Scope

1779 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Duration of battle
3 days (16–18 June 1779)
French commander
Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain
British governor
Valentine Morris
British military commander
Lt. Col. George Etherington
Carib control ended
Second Carib War, 1795

Strategic Narrative Overview

On 16 June 1779, French commander Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain landed forces on Saint Vincent. The Black Caribs controlling the island's northern territory actively assisted the French advance. British Governor Valentine Morris and military commander Lieutenant Colonel George Etherington failed to coordinate a coherent defense, disagreeing on the appropriate response. By 18 June, the British position had collapsed and the island's defenders surrendered without mounting significant armed resistance.

01 / The Origins

During the American Revolutionary War, France sought to exploit British vulnerability in the Caribbean by seizing colonial possessions. Saint Vincent, a British-controlled island in the West Indies, was a strategic target. The island's northern region was already held by Black Caribs who opposed British authority, making it a favorable location for a French landing that could combine external invasion with internal allied support against the British garrison.

03 / The Outcome

The British surrendered Saint Vincent to French forces by 18 June 1779. Both Morris and Etherington faced subsequent inquiries into their conduct during the capitulation. French control of the island consolidated Black Carib authority over the northern territories. This arrangement persisted until the Second Carib War of 1795, after which British power was eventually reasserted and Carib resistance on the island was suppressed.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

2 belligerents

Kingdom of FranceBlack Caribs
Key Commanders

Charles-Marie de Trolong du Rumain.

Side B

1 belligerent

Kingdom of Great Britain
Key Commanders

Valentine Morris, George Etherington.

Outcome
French and Black Carib victory; British garrison surrendered; Saint Vincent passed to French control

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1779–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1779present1779Landing and capt…Allied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Saint VincentMap of Saint VincentSaint Vincent