HistoryData
Historical Conflict

Hundred Days

Napoleon's return from Elba and final defeat at Waterloo ended the Napoleonic Wars and led to his permanent exile on Saint Helena.

Duration & Scope

1815 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Actual duration
110 days (20 March – 8 July 1815)
Coalition commitment
150,000 men each from 4 Great Powers
Napoleon's exile destination
Saint Helena (died there 1821)
Coalition declaration
Napoleon declared outlaw on 13 March 1815

Strategic Narrative Overview

The Hundred Days encompassed the War of the Seventh Coalition, including the Waterloo campaign and the Neapolitan War. Napoleon moved rapidly to engage coalition forces before they could unite. His campaign culminated in the Battle of Waterloo, where he was decisively defeated by the combined forces of the Duke of Wellington and Prussian Field Marshal Blücher, ending his brief return to power.

01 / The Origins

Napoleon escaped from his exile on the island of Elba and returned to Paris on 20 March 1815, while the Congress of Vienna was still in session reorganising post-war Europe. Alarmed by his return, the assembled powers declared him an outlaw on 13 March. Austria, Prussia, Russia, and the United Kingdom formed the Seventh Coalition on 25 March, each pledging 150,000 troops to end his renewed rule.

03 / The Outcome

Following his defeat at Waterloo, Napoleon abdicated and was captured by the British. Unlike his earlier exile to Elba, he was sent to the remote South Atlantic island of Saint Helena, where he died in 1821. King Louis XVIII was restored to the French throne on 8 July 1815, and the Congress of Vienna's settlement reshaping Europe was upheld.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

French Empire (Napoleon)
Key Commanders

Napoleon Bonaparte.

Side B

1 belligerent

Seventh Coalition (Austria, Prussia, Russia, United Kingdom)
Peak Mobilized Forces~600K
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Duke of Wellington, Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

Outcome
Coalition victory; Napoleon defeated at Waterloo, exiled to Saint Helena; Louis XVIII restored to French throne

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1815–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1815present1815Battle of WaterlooSide B1815Neapolitan WarSide B

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Paris, FranceMap of Paris, FranceParis, France