HistoryData
Historical ConflictSaint-Jouin-Bruneval

Operation Biting

The Bruneval Raid secured German Würzburg radar components, enabling Britain to develop effective countermeasures against enemy air defences.

Duration & Scope

1942 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Date
Night of 27–28 February 1942
Operation type
Airborne assault with seaborne evacuation
Commanding officer
Major John Frost
Target
German Würzburg coastal radar installation
Key capture
Radar components and a German radar technician

Strategic Narrative Overview

Planners ruled out a seaborne commando assault, fearing coastal defences would allow the Germans to destroy the equipment before capture. Instead, a company of airborne troops under Major John Frost parachuted near Bruneval on 27 February 1942. They stormed the villa housing the radar, overcame the garrison in a brief firefight, and an RAF technician dismantled key components of the Würzburg array.

01 / The Origins

During 1941, RAF aerial reconnaissance identified several German coastal radar installations along occupied France, but their purpose remained unclear. British scientists suspected these stations were linked to successful German interception of RAF bombers, causing severe losses. Wanting to understand the technology, scientists requested a raid to seize and extract equipment for examination in Britain.

03 / The Outcome

After the technician removed critical radar parts, the force withdrew to the evacuation beach. A detachment had initially failed to clear German defenders there, but the main force helped eliminate them. Landing craft picked up the troops, who transferred to motor gunboats and returned to Britain. The operation succeeded with relatively few casualties, and the captured components and a German technician enabled Britain to develop radar countermeasures.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

United Kingdom (Combined Operations)
Key Commanders

Major John Frost.

Side B

1 belligerent

Nazi Germany
Outcome
British success; Würzburg radar components and a German technician captured; countermeasures subsequently developed

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1942–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1942present1942Bruneval RaidAllied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Bruneval, FranceMap of Bruneval, FranceBruneval, France