HistoryData
Historical ConflictGlomfjord

Operation Musketoon

A British-Norwegian commando raid disabled the Glomfjord power plant for the remainder of World War II, but most raiders were captured and executed under Hitler's Commando Order.

Duration & Scope

1942 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Operation dates
11–21 September 1942
Total raiders
12 (10 British, 2 Norwegian)
Captured and executed
7 men executed at Sachsenhausen
Escaped to Sweden
4 men reached Sweden and were repatriated
Target
Glomfjord hydroelectric power plant, Norway

Strategic Narrative Overview

The twelve-man raiding party landed in Norway and infiltrated to the Glomfjord power plant, which they attacked and damaged sufficiently to put it out of operation for the rest of the war. To evade German search parties following the raid, the commandos split into two groups. Four men successfully crossed into neutral Sweden and were eventually repatriated to the United Kingdom, while the remaining group was captured by German forces.

01 / The Origins

During the German occupation of Norway in World War II, Allied planners identified Norwegian hydroelectric installations as vital to the German war economy. The Glomfjord power plant, supplying electricity to industrial facilities, was selected for sabotage. A combined force of British commandos from No. 2 Commando and Norwegian personnel from the Special Operations Executive was assembled to cross the North Sea by submarine and destroy the plant.

03 / The Outcome

Of the captured commandos, one man died of wounds sustained during the operation. The remaining seven were transported to Germany, interrogated, and subsequently executed at Sachsenhausen concentration camp, in accordance with Hitler's Commando Order directing that Allied special operations troops be killed upon capture. The Glomfjord plant remained closed for the duration of the war, fulfilling the operation's primary objective despite the heavy cost to the raiding party.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

2 belligerents

United Kingdom (No. 2 Commando / SOE)Norwegian Armed Forces in Exile (SOE)
Peak Mobilized Forces12
Estimated Casualties8
Casualty Rate80.0%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized

Side B

1 belligerent

Nazi Germany
Outcome
Plant disabled for remainder of war; 4 raiders escaped to Sweden; 7 captured raiders executed at Sachsenhausen under the Commando Order

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1942–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1942present1942Attack on Glomfj…Allied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Glomfjord, NorwayMap of Glomfjord, NorwayGlomfjord, Norway