HistoryData
disaster1898

1898 earthquake in Northern California, United States

January 1, 1898

A magnitude 5.8–6.4 earthquake struck Northern California in 1898, causing $350,000 in damage and remaining seismologically debated due to its pre-instrumental era.

Quick Facts

Year
1898
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Date
March 30, 1898, at 23:43 local time
Moment Magnitude
5.8–6.4
Max Mercalli Intensity
VIII–IX (Severe–Violent)
Estimated Damage
$350,000 (approx. $10,700,000 in 2018 dollars)
Area of Perceptibility
Much of northern and central California and western Nevada

By the Numbers

301,898
Date
5.8
Moment Magnitude
350,000
Estimated Damage

Location

Map of Mare Island, United StatesMap of Mare Island, United StatesMare Island, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The earthquake originated from an unknown fault mechanism, likely one of the many strike-slip faults of the San Andreas Fault System in the North Bay region, though an unnamed dip-slip fault has also been proposed. The exact source fault and epicenter remain disputed among researchers due to the event's pre-instrumental nature.

Event

On March 30, 1898, at 23:43 local time, an earthquake of moment magnitude 5.8–6.4 struck Northern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII–IX. The most severe damage occurred on Mare Island, a peninsula in northern San Francisco Bay, with moderate structural damage reported across the broader San Francisco Bay Area.

Consequence

The earthquake caused an estimated $350,000 in damage, concentrated on Mare Island where vulnerable buildings amplified the shaking. Media reports noted a small tsunami and mild aftershocks. Multiple subsequent investigations attempted to determine the epicenter, source fault, and magnitude, placing it under or north of San Pablo Bay, but no consensus was reached.

Timeline Context

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