HistoryData
disaster1909

Earthquake struck Benavente, Portugal on 23 April 1909

April 23, 1909

A magnitude 6.0 earthquake near Benavente killed at least 30 people and left 13,000 homeless, devastating towns in Portugal's Lower Tagus Valley.

Quick Facts

Year
1909
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Moment Magnitude
6.0
Mercalli Intensity
IX (Violent)
Death Toll
At least 30 people
Injured
75 people
Displaced
13,000 people
Destruction in Samora Correia & Muge
90% destroyed

By the Numbers

6
Moment Magnitude
30people
Death Toll
75people
Injured
13,000people
Displaced

Location

Map of Benavente, PortugalMap of Benavente, PortugalBenavente, Portugal

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Beneath the Lower Tagus Valley lies a system of normal faults that were reactivated during the Eocene as reverse faults. Movement along one of these buried faults triggered the earthquake, a seismically active zone near Lisbon that has historically produced significant seismic events.

Event

On 23 April 1909 at 17:39 GMT, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck the Lisbon region of Portugal with its epicenter near Benavente. The shaking reached Mercalli intensity IX, causing severe structural damage across the Lower Tagus Valley and minor damage and fires as far away as Lisbon.

Consequence

At least 30 people were killed and 75 injured, while approximately 13,000 were left homeless. The towns of Samora Correia and Muge suffered the most severe destruction, with 90 percent of their built environment destroyed. Lisbon experienced minor structural damage, fires, and several injuries.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 30 (earthquake)

earthquakeMagnitude 6 Mw
BenaventeSamora CorreiaMugeLisbonLower Tagus Valley

Timeline Context

Timeline around 19091909190619071908191019111912US-Canadian bilateral treaty of 1909Tragic Week — social revolt1909 Italian Football Championship — sports seasonAdana massacre — massacre of Armenian Christians by Ottoman Muslims1909 conflict between cattle ranchers and sheepherders in Wyoming1909 general strike in Argentina1909 treaty between Japan and China1909-benavente-earthquake-1909