HistoryData
war1800

Minor engagement of the Napoleonic Wars

December 10, 1800

A Spanish privateer gunboat captured a Royal Navy hired brig near Ceuta despite being heavily outgunned in carronade firepower, illustrating the vulnerability of lightly crewed dispatch vessels.

Quick Facts

Year
1800
Category
war

Key Facts

British crew size
45 men
British armament
Two 6-pounders and fourteen 12-pounder carronades
Spanish armament
One long 24-pounder and two 6-pounder guns
British killed
3
British wounded
6 sailors plus commander and master
Boarding attempts
3 before capture succeeded

By the Numbers

45
British crew size
6
British armament
24
Spanish armament
3
British killed

Location

Map of Ceuta, SpainMap of Ceuta, SpainCeuta, Spain

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The hired armed brig Sir Thomas Pasley departed Plymouth on 20 December 1800 carrying dispatches for Lisbon, Gibraltar, and Malta. After calling at Lisbon, she was off Ceuta when a Spanish privateer gunboat, San Francisco Javier alias Poderoso, approached under sail and sweeps. Calm winds left the British vessel unable to maneuver and unable to bring her bow-chasers to bear.

Event

On 10 December 1800, the Spanish gunboat positioned herself astern of Sir Thomas Pasley and opened fire with her long 24-pounder. Unable to reposition her guns due to the carronades blocking the stern, the British crew could only reply with small arms. Spanish boarding parties seized the brig on their third attempt after shooting away the British halyard, wounding Lieutenant Niven in three places and killing three sailors.

Consequence

The Spanish took the captured brig as a prize first to Ceuta and then to Algeciras. Lieutenant Niven subsequently faced a court-martial for the loss of his vessel but was honourably acquitted, reflecting the court's recognition that the tactical situation had left him without effective options.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

United Kingdom (Royal Navy)
Peak Mobilized Forces45
Estimated Casualties9
Casualty Rate20.0%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

Lieutenant Charles Niven.

Side B

1 belligerent

Spain (privateer)
Key Commanders

Don Miguel Villalba.

Total Casualties (all sides)
9
Outcome
Spanish victory; Sir Thomas Pasley captured and taken as prize to Ceuta then Algeciras

Timeline Context

Timeline around 18001800179717981799180118021803Claddagh ring — Irish tradition symbol1800s — decade of the Gregorian calendar (1800–1809)18th century — time period between January 1, 1701, and December 31, 18001800 naval battle of the Quasi War18th century war in New Zealand1800 United States presidential election — 4th quadrennial U.S. presidential election1800 treaty between France and the Ottoman EmpirePart of the French Revolutionary Wars, the Siege of Malta (1798–1800)action-of-10-december-1800-1800