HistoryData
war1985

Air India Flight 182 — 1985 bombing of an Air India Boeing 747-237B over the Atlantic Ocean near Ireland

June 23, 1985

The 1985 Air India bombing killed 329 people, making it Canada's worst terrorist attack and the deadliest aviation terrorism act before 9/11.

Quick Facts

Year
1985
Category
war

Key Facts

Total killed
329 people
Canadian victims
268 citizens
Trial cost
~130 million CAD
Only conviction
Inderjit Singh Reyat, manslaughter, 2003
Commission report released
17 June 2010
Narita airport deaths
2 baggage handlers killed by second bomb

By the Numbers

329people
Total killed
268citizens
Canadian victims
130CAD
Trial cost
2,003
Only conviction

Location

Map of IrelandMap of IrelandIreland

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Sikh separatists affiliated with Babbar Khalsa, seeking an independent Khalistan, plotted a coordinated dual bombing of Air India flights departing Canada. Inderjit Singh Reyat assembled the bombs, which were checked onto Canadian Pacific Air Lines flights from Vancouver — one bound for Tokyo to connect with Air India Flight 301, and one for Montreal to connect with Air India Flight 182.

Event

On June 23, 1985, a bomb detonated aboard Air India Flight 182's Boeing 747-237B over the Atlantic Ocean near the Irish coast, killing all 329 people on board. Hours earlier, a second bomb exploded at Tokyo's Narita International Airport, killing two baggage handlers as luggage was transferred to Air India Flight 301, confirming the coordinated nature of the attack.

Consequence

The subsequent Canadian investigation and prosecution lasted nearly twenty years and cost approximately C$130 million, making it the most expensive trial in Canadian history. Only Reyat was convicted, receiving a fifteen-year sentence. A 2010 commission of inquiry headed by Justice John C. Major concluded that a cascading series of errors by Canadian federal agencies allowed the attack to occur.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Babbar Khalsa (Sikh separatist militants)
Key Commanders

Talwinder Singh Parmar, Inderjit Singh Reyat.

Side B

1 belligerent

Air India Flight 182 passengers and crew
Peak Mobilized Forces329
Estimated Casualties329
Casualty Rate100.0%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Total Casualties (all sides)
331
Outcome
329 killed aboard Flight 182; 2 baggage handlers killed at Narita; only bomb maker Reyat convicted; no senior plotters brought to justice.

Timeline Context

Timeline around 19851985198219831984198619871988World Chess Championship 1985 — competition for the world title in chess1985 FIFA World Youth Championship — Sports season1985 IAAF World Indoor Games — 1985 edition of the IAAF World Indoor GamesEurovision Song Contest 1985 — 30th edition of the Eurovision Song ContestNakba — expulsion and flight of 750,000 Palestinians during the 1948 Palestine war1985 Formula One World Championship — sports season1985 CONCACAF Championship — 1985 edition of the CONCACAF Championship association football competitionEuroBasket 1985 — edition of the basketball tournament of 1985air-india-flight-182-1985-bombing-of-an-air-india-boeing-7-1985