HistoryData
war1546

1546 Part of the Spanish conquest of Peru

January 18, 1546

Gonzalo Pizarro's forces defeated and killed the first royal viceroy of Peru, temporarily halting Spanish Crown authority over the conquered territory.

Quick Facts

Year
1546
Category
war

Key Facts

Date of battle
January 18, 1546
Battle site
Iñaquito, outskirts of Quito
Viceroy's fate
Blasco Núñez Vela killed and decapitated
Victor
Gonzalo Pizarro (Nueva Castilla army)
Gonzalo Pizarro's later fate
Executed at Jaquijahuana, two years later

Location

Map of Quito, EcuadorMap of Quito, EcuadorQuito, Ecuador

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Following the death of Francisco Pizarro, Gonzalo Pizarro claimed governorship of New Castile (Peru). When the Crown appointed Blasco Núñez Vela as viceroy in 1544, Gonzalo had him expelled to Panama in chains. Núñez Vela was released and returned to Peru by sea, leading to a confrontation as Gonzalo assembled his forces.

Event

On January 18, 1546, the forces of Gonzalo Pizarro met the royalist army of Viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela at Iñaquito near Quito. The superiority of the Nueva Castilla army secured a decisive victory for Gonzalo. Núñez Vela fell in battle and was subsequently decapitated on the battlefield.

Consequence

The defeat and death of Blasco Núñez Vela temporarily removed Crown authority from Peru, leaving Gonzalo Pizarro in effective control of the territory. However, Gonzalo's rule proved short-lived; he was himself defeated and executed at the Battle of Jaquijahuana two years later in 1548, restoring royal governance.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Nueva Castilla (Gonzalo Pizarro's forces)
Key Commanders

Gonzalo Pizarro.

Side B

1 belligerent

Royal Viceroy's forces (Blasco Núñez Vela)
Key Commanders

Blasco Núñez Vela.

Outcome
Decisive victory for Gonzalo Pizarro; Viceroy Blasco Núñez Vela killed and decapitated

Timeline Context

Timeline around 15461546154315441545154715481549War between Spaniards and Mapuche people in Chile16th-century conflict of the Protestant Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire1546 battle in Wallachiabattle-of-inaquito-1546