HistoryData
war1656

1656 military engagement of the Deluge in Greater Poland

August 28, 1656

A surprise Polish night attack disrupted Swedish control of central Poland and directly led to the fall of Kalisz on November 8, 1656.

Quick Facts

Year
1656
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
Night of August 28, 1656
Polish force size
200–500 men (approx. 300 noblemen)
Swedish-Brandenburg force size
800–2000 men
Enemy casualties
500–800 killed; entire command per des Noyers
Swedish commander fate
Jan Wejhard von Wrzesowicz killed by peasants
Strategic outcome
Besieged Kalisz garrison surrendered Nov 8, 1656

By the Numbers

281,656
Date
200
Polish force size
800
Swedish-Brandenburg force size
500
Enemy casualties

Location

Map of Lubrze, PolandMap of Lubrze, PolandLubrze, Poland

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Swedish and Brandenburg forces were marching to relieve the besieged town of Kalisz, held by a Swedish garrison and invested by a Polish army under voivode Jakub Wejher. A Polish force under voivode Andrzej Karol Grudziński learned from local peasants that a small enemy detachment was camped at the village of Lubrze in Greater Poland, presenting an opportunity for a surprise attack.

Event

On the night of August 28, 1656, roughly 300 Polish noblemen launched a nocturnal assault on the Swedish-Brandenburg cavalry camp at Lubrze. The Poles first annihilated the 60-man night guard, then attacked the main body. The darkness and confusion prevented the enemy from mounting their horses, and fighting spilled into the village and along a nearby stream. Between 500 and 800 enemy soldiers were killed, and numerous prisoners were taken, including a Prussian colonel.

Consequence

The Polish victory forced the Brandenburg-Prussian Elector to divert a relief column under Derflinger northward to Toruń, abandoning the march to Kalisz. Stripped of any prospect of reinforcement, the besieged Swedish garrison of Kalisz surrendered to Polish forces on November 8, 1656, seriously weakening the Swedish hold on central Poland during the Deluge.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Polish Commonwealth
Peak Mobilized Forces300
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Andrzej Karol Grudziński.

Side B

1 belligerent

Sweden and Brandenburg-Prussia
Estimated Casualties650
Key Commanders

Jan Wejhard von Wrzesowicz.

Total Casualties (all sides)
650
Outcome
Decisive Polish victory; Swedish-Brandenburg relief force destroyed, Kalisz garrison surrendered

Timeline Context

Timeline around 165616561653165416551657165816591656 by Swedish forces during Deluge1656 alliance between Austria and Poland–LithuaniaBattle involving colonists and indigenous peoples fought near Richmond, Virginia1656 battle of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Crimean Khanate, against Sweden and Brandenburg1656 battle in the Swedish invasion of Poland1656 treaty between Spain and English RoyalistsJuly 1656 naval battle between Russia and SwedenBattle at Rautu Kyrka in 1656battle-of-lubrze-1656