Soviet intervention triggered by this battle determined Sheng Shicai's survival and Soviet dominance in Xinjiang through the 1930s–40s.
Key Facts
- Conflict period
- Winter 1933–1934
- Chiang's prepared troop strength
- 150,000 troops
- Funding ready for expedition
- 15 million yuan
- White Russian unit commander
- Col. Pappengut
- Key road seized by Zhang
- Road between Tacheng and Ürümqi
By the Numbers
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
The Kuomintang government, wary of Sheng Shicai's ties to the Soviet Union, secretly encouraged Gen. Ma Zhongying and Gen. Zhang Peiyuan to overthrow him. Chiang Kai-shek dispatched Luo Wen'gan to Xinjiang to urge the two commanders to destroy Sheng, even as the Republic of China government publicly prepared to recognize Sheng as governor.
Ma Zhongying's Chinese Muslim forces and Zhang Peiyuan's Han Chinese troops besieged Ürümqi in winter 1933–1934, nearly defeating Sheng Shicai's Manchurian troops and White Russian soldiers. Zhang captured the road between Tacheng and the capital, bringing Sheng close to defeat before he called on Soviet assistance.
Sheng's appeal for help prompted the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang, forcing Ma Zhongying to retreat after the Battle of Tutung and securing Sheng's position. Chiang Kai-shek's planned relief expedition of 150,000 troops was cancelled due to insurmountable logistical constraints, leaving Soviet influence in Xinjiang unchecked.
Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis
Side A
1 belligerent
Sheng Shicai, Col. Pappengut.
Side B
1 belligerent
Ma Zhongying, Zhang Peiyuan.