HistoryData
disaster1919

Wave of molasses which killed 21 people in 1919 in Boston

January 15, 1919

A ruptured molasses storage tank in Boston's North End killed 21 people and injured 150, becoming one of history's most unusual industrial disasters.

Quick Facts

Year
1919
Category
disaster

Key Facts

Molasses volume
2.3 million US gallons
Tank weight
13,000 short tons
Wave speed
35 mph
Deaths
21 people
Injuries
150 people
Date
January 15, 1919

By the Numbers

2.3US gallons
Molasses volume
13,000short tons
Tank weight
35mph
Wave speed
21people
Deaths

Location

Map of Boston, United StatesMap of Boston, United StatesBoston, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

A large molasses storage tank in the North End neighborhood of Boston, holding approximately 2.3 million US gallons and weighing around 13,000 short tons, structurally failed and burst on January 15, 1919. The tank's sudden rupture released its entire contents into the surrounding streets.

Event

The collapsing tank sent a wave of molasses surging through the streets of Boston's North End at an estimated 35 miles per hour, engulfing buildings, vehicles, and pedestrians. The flood killed 21 people and injured 150 others, causing widespread destruction to the neighborhood.

Consequence

Beyond the immediate death toll and injuries, the disaster entered local folklore, with residents reporting the smell of molasses on hot summer days for decades afterward. The event drew attention to industrial storage safety and prompted legal proceedings against the United States Industrial Alcohol Company, which owned the tank.

Human Cost

Death toll visualizationEach dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths.

Each dot represents approximately 10,000 deaths. Total estimated: 21 (flood)

flood
North End, Boston, Massachusetts

Timeline Context

Timeline around 19191919191619171918192019211922Race riots in Philadelphia during the 1919 Red Summer1919 international conventionPost-WW1 conflict in KuwaitWorkers' strike at Fremantle HarbourParis Peace Conference — meeting of the Allied Powers after World War I1919 Egyptian revolution — 1919 revolution in EgyptSpartacist uprising — general strike and armed struggle in Berlin in Jan. 1919 in connection with the November Revolution that broke out following Germany's defeat in WW11919 South American Championship — Football tournament editiongreat-molasses-flood-1919