HistoryData
war1568

1568 offensive by Sultanate of Aceh

January 1, 1568

The 1568 Acehnese siege of Malacca was a major pan-Islamic military effort to dislodge the Portuguese from Southeast Asia, involving Ottoman support.

Quick Facts

Year
1568
Category
war

Key Facts

Attacking force size
15,000 troops
Defending force size
1,500 men, ~200 Portuguese
Siege duration
Three days
Scaling ladders deployed
200 ladders used against city walls
Portuguese control of Malacca since
1511

By the Numbers

15,000
Attacking force size
1,500
Defending force size
200
Scaling ladders deployed
1,511
Portuguese control of Malacca since

Location

Map of Malacca, MalaysiaMap of Malacca, MalaysiaMalacca, Malaysia

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

A pan-Islamic alliance, including the Sultanate of Aceh and Ottoman-supplied cannoneers, sought to expel the Portuguese from Malacca and the coasts of India. Ottoman assistance was limited by simultaneous campaigns in Cyprus and an uprising in Aden, constraining the alliance's full strength.

Event

In 1568, Sultan Alauddin of Aceh led a large fleet of galley-type ships and 15,000 troops, including Ottoman mercenaries, against Portuguese-held Malacca. Defenders under Dom Leonis Pereira, aided by Johor, repelled the Acehnese assault—including a heavy cannon barrage and 200 scaling ladders—before sallying out to destroy Acehnese earthworks.

Consequence

Unable to capture the city after three days, Alauddin withdrew and burned some of his own ships due to heavy losses. Further Acehnese attacks on Malacca continued in subsequent years, particularly in 1570, and the cumulative pressure contributed to the gradual weakening of Portuguese dominance in the region.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Sultanate of Aceh (with Ottoman mercenaries)
Peak Mobilized Forces~15K
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Sultan Alauddin.

Side B

1 belligerent

Portuguese Empire (with Kingdom of Johore)
Peak Mobilized Forces~2K
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Dom Leonis Pereira.

Outcome
Portuguese victory; Acehnese forces withdrew after three days without taking Malacca

Timeline Context

Timeline around 15681568156515661567156915701571Military conflict fought between the Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam) and the Kingdom of Burma1568 siege in which the Mughal emperor Akbar defeated Surjan Hada1568 opening battle of the Marian civil war in Scotland1568 battle during the Eighty Years' Warsiege-of-malacca-1568