HistoryData
politics1923

Treaty of Lausanne — 1923 peace treaty between Turkey and the Allies

July 24, 1923

Established modern Turkey's borders and replaced the failed Treaty of Sèvres, formally ending Ottoman-Allied conflict after World War I.

Quick Facts

Year
1923
Category
politics

Key Facts

Signed
24 July 1923
Signing venue
Palais de Rumine, Lausanne, Switzerland
Turkey ratification date
23 August 1923
Treaty effective date
6 August 1924
Replaced treaty
Treaty of Sèvres (1920, unratified)
Original text languages
English and French

By the Numbers

24
Signed
23
Turkey ratification date
6
Treaty effective date
1,920
Replaced treaty

Location

Map of Lausanne, SwitzerlandMap of Lausanne, SwitzerlandLausanne, Switzerland

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The Treaty of Sèvres (1920), which sought to partition Ottoman territories, was rejected by the Turkish National Movement. Subsequent Greek defeat in the Greco-Turkish War led to Turkish forces retaking İzmir and the Armistice of Mudanya in October 1922, necessitating a new peace settlement.

Event

During the Lausanne Conference of 1922–1923, Turkey and the Allied powers — including France, Britain, Italy, Japan, Greece, Serbia, and Romania — negotiated a comprehensive peace treaty, signed on 24 July 1923 at the Palais de Rumine. It formally resolved conflicts originating from World War I and superseded the failed Sèvres agreement.

Consequence

The treaty established the borders of modern Turkey and legitimized its sovereignty. It provided for Greek-Turkish population exchanges and unrestricted civilian passage through the Turkish Straits. A declaration of amnesty was also issued, covering crimes committed between 1914 and 1922, including the Armenian and Greek genocides. The treaty became effective on 6 August 1924.

Political Outcome

Outcome

Peace established between Turkey and Allied powers; modern Turkish borders recognized; Greek-Turkish population exchange mandated; amnesty granted for wartime crimes 1914–1922.

Before

Ottoman Empire territories subject to partition under Treaty of Sèvres; Turkish National Movement in armed resistance

After

Republic of Turkey recognized with defined borders, replacing Ottoman order in the region

Signatories

Turkey
Principal signatory
French Republic
Allied signatory
British Empire
Allied signatory
Kingdom of Italy
Allied signatory
Empire of Japan
Allied signatory
Kingdom of Greece
Allied signatory
Kingdom of Serbia
Allied signatory
Kingdom of Romania
Allied signatory

Timeline Context

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