1905 – 1984
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Literature (1965)
1896 – 1986
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1956)
1901 – 1985
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (1971)
1890 – 1960
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Literature (1958)
1908 – 1990
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physics (1958)
1845 – 1916
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1908)
1906 – 1999
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (1973)
1912 – 1986
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (1975)
1894 – 1984
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physics (1978)
1921 – 1989
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Peace (1975)
1895 – 1971
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physics (1958)
1904 – 1990
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physics (1958)
1888 – 1973
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1952)
1849 – 1936
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1904)
1867 – 1925
Nobel laureate: Nobel Prize in Literature (1924)
1908 – 1996
Pioneering astrophysicist who founded the field of stellar astronomy and discovered stellar associations, serving as president of the International Astronomical Union.
1874 – 1956
Estonian politician (1874–1956)
1867 – 1951
Finnish military leader who commanded the Finnish forces during the Winter War and Continuation War against the Soviet Union. He later served as Finland's sixth president and is considered the father of modern Finland.
1959 – 1999
Armenian military commander who served as Defense Minister and was assassinated in the 1999 Armenian parliament shooting.
1916 – 1975
Estonian chess grandmaster who was one of the strongest players never to become World Champion, finishing second in the Candidates Tournament multiple times in the 1950s and 1960s.
1939 – 1993
Georgia's first president after independence (1991-1992) and prominent dissident writer who led the country's liberation movement from Soviet rule.
1874 – 1944
First President of independent Lithuania (1919-1920, 1926-1940) who led the country during its initial independence period and later established an authoritarian regime.
1936 – 1992
Soviet-Latvian chess grandmaster who served as the eighth World Chess Champion from 1960 to 1961, renowned for his aggressive tactical style earning him the nickname 'The Magician from Riga'.
1912 – 1993
Soviet politician who served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan from 1964 to 1986, playing a key role in the republic's industrial development.
1919 – 2006
Prominent Armenian poet and political activist who wrote extensively about Armenian identity and women's rights, serving in Armenia's first parliament after independence.