HistoryData
Historical ConflictErbil Governorate

Battle of Mosul

The Battle of Mosul was the largest military operation since the 2003 invasion of Iraq and ended ISIL's control of its largest Iraqi stronghold.

Duration & Scope

2016 2017

1 year

Key Facts

Operation name
Operation We Are Coming, Nineveh
Duration
16 Oct 2016 – 10 Jul 2017 (~9 months)
Estimated reconstruction cost
$50 billion (2017 USD)
Old City repair cost
~$1 billion
Scale
Largest conventional land battle since capture of Baghdad (2003)

Strategic Narrative Overview

The operation began on 16 October 2016 with forces besieging Nineveh Governorate villages surrounding Mosul. Iraqi Special Operations Forces entered Mosul from the east on 1 November 2016. Eastern Mosul was declared liberated on 24 January 2017. The offensive for western Mosul began on 19 February 2017, facing fierce urban combat, extensive booby traps, and large civilian populations that significantly slowed the advance.

01 / The Origins

ISIL seized Mosul in June 2014, making it the group's largest Iraqi stronghold. The city's fall represented a critical blow to Iraqi sovereignty and regional stability. By 2016, a broad coalition of Iraqi government forces, Kurdish Peshmerga, and allied militias had rebuilt sufficient capacity to mount a large-scale offensive to retake the city, which had been under ISIL control for over two years.

03 / The Outcome

Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi arrived in Mosul on 9 July 2017 to announce victory, with an official declaration issued on 10 July. Sporadic clashes continued in the Old City for nearly two more weeks. The battle left Mosul severely damaged, with estimated costs of $50 billion for citywide reconstruction and $1 billion for the Old City alone, marking a devastating human and material toll.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

3 belligerents

Iraqi Government ForcesKurdish PeshmergaAllied Militias (PMF)
Key Commanders

Haider al-Abadi, Stephen J. Townsend.

Side B

1 belligerent

Islamic State (ISIL)
Outcome
Iraqi government victory; ISIL expelled from Mosul; city declared liberated on 10 July 2017

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (2016–2017)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.201620172016Siege of Nineveh…Allied2016Battle for Easte…Allied2017Battle for Weste…Allied2017Battle of the Ol…Allied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Mosul, IraqMap of Mosul, IraqMosul, Iraq