HistoryData
Historical Conflict

May 2025 Gaza offensive

Israel's large-scale air, land, and sea offensive in Gaza aimed at defeating Hamas and seizing territorial control of the Strip from May 2025.

Duration & Scope

2025 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Operation codename
Operation Gideon's Chariots
Approved by cabinet
4 May 2025
Officially launched
16 May 2025
IDF-claimed territorial control
~65% of Gaza Strip (as of 4 July 2025)
Hamas counter-offensive
Stones of David (ambushes and small-scale operations)
Second phase launched
Operation Gideon's Chariots II, 20 August 2025

Strategic Narrative Overview

The offensive was formally launched on 16 May 2025. By early July, the IDF claimed control of roughly 65% of the Gaza Strip, though this figure was disputed. Hamas launched a parallel counter-offensive called Stones of David, employing ambushes and small-scale operations against Israeli forces. The United Nations Human Rights Office condemned the campaign as tantamount to ethnic cleansing. On 4 August, Israeli sources reported the first phase had concluded.

01 / The Origins

Israel's security cabinet approved an expanded military offensive in the Gaza Strip on 4 May 2025, as a continuation of its broader war against Hamas following the October 2023 conflict. The operation, codenamed Operation Gideon's Chariots, sought to destroy Hamas's military and governing infrastructure and assert Israeli control over approximately three quarters of the Gaza Strip through combined land, air, and naval force.

03 / The Outcome

Israeli sources announced the end of the first phase on 4 August 2025, acknowledging it had not achieved all key aims, though the primary territorial objective of capturing 75% of the Strip was reported as met. On 20 August, Israel launched Operation Gideon's Chariots II, targeting Gaza City, indicating the conflict remained active with no ceasefire or formal resolution reached.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Israel Defense Forces (IDF)

Side B

1 belligerent

Hamas
Outcome
Ongoing; first phase ended August 2025 without achieving all aims; second phase launched 20 August 2025 targeting Gaza City

Location

Map of Gaza, Palestinian TerritoriesMap of Gaza, Palestinian TerritoriesGaza, Palestinian Territories