Key Facts
- Codename origin
- Alternative spelling of Early Modern English musical term 'Elami'
- Total cost
- £212 million
- Munitions replacement cost
- £67 million
- Legal basis
- UN Security Council Resolution 1973
- NATO operation name
- Operation Unified Protector
Strategic Narrative Overview
The United Kingdom conducted its participation under the codename Operation Ellamy, contributing airstrikes and naval assets as part of the broader NATO Operation Unified Protector. Coalition forces enforced the no-fly zone and targeted Gaddafi's military infrastructure. The US led initial strikes under Operation Odyssey Dawn, while France operated as Opération Harmattan and Canada as Operation Mobile, with NATO assuming overall command as the campaign progressed.
01 / The Origins
During the Libyan Civil War of 2011, forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi launched military operations against anti-government rebels. To prevent air attacks on civilians, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 1973, authorising 'all necessary measures' to protect civilians and establish a no-fly zone. An international coalition including the United Kingdom, United States, France, and Canada convened in Paris on 19 March 2011 to coordinate immediate military action.
03 / The Outcome
The coalition intervention contributed to the collapse of Gaddafi's regime and his death in October 2011. The UK confirmed in December 2011 that Operation Ellamy cost £212 million, funded from the Treasury reserve. The operation ended the Gaddafi government but left Libya in a prolonged state of political instability and civil conflict between competing factions in the aftermath.
Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis
Side A
2 belligerents
Side B
1 belligerent