HistoryData
Historical ConflictSyria–Turkey border

Operation Euphrates Shield

Turkey's first direct military incursion into Syria established a buffer zone in northern Syria against both IS and Kurdish SDF forces.

Duration & Scope

2016 2017

1 year

Key Facts

Start date
24 August 2016
End date
29 March 2017
Duration
~7 months
Primary initiator
Turkish Armed Forces and Free Syrian Army
Primary objectives
Expel IS; counter SDF/Kurdish forces in northern Syria

Strategic Narrative Overview

Beginning on 24 August 2016, Turkish forces and allied Free Syrian Army factions advanced into the area between the Euphrates River and the Azaz pocket. Fighting targeted both IS positions and Syrian Democratic Forces. Turkish-backed groups captured several towns including al-Bab from IS in early 2017. An announced objective of capturing Manbij, controlled by the AANES, was not pursued and ultimately went unfulfilled.

01 / The Origins

Turkey launched Operation Euphrates Shield in response to growing Islamic State activity along its southern border and the expansion of Syrian Kurdish forces, which Ankara classified as terrorist organizations linked to the PKK. The operation was framed by President Erdoğan as necessary to neutralize threats to Turkish security emanating from northern Syria, reflecting longstanding Turkish concern over Kurdish autonomy near its border.

03 / The Outcome

Turkey declared the operation successfully completed on 29 March 2017, having cleared IS from a stretch of the Syria–Turkey border region. A Turkish-controlled buffer zone was established in northern Syria. The failure to take Manbij left Kurdish-led AANES administration in place there. The operation set a precedent for continued Turkish military presence and further interventions in northern Syria in subsequent years.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

2 belligerents

Turkish Armed ForcesFree Syrian Army (Turkish-backed factions)
Key Commanders

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Side B

2 belligerents

Islamic State (IS)Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF)
Outcome
Turkey declared operation complete; IS expelled from border strip; Manbij objective unfulfilled; Turkish occupation of northern Syria established

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (2016–2017)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.201620172016Capture of Jarab…Allied2017Battle of al-BabAllied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of SyriaMap of SyriaSyria