HistoryData
Historical ConflictArrah

Siege of Arrah

A garrison of 68 held out for eight days against ~11,000 attackers before a small unauthorized relief force dispersed the besiegers with only two casualties.

Duration & Scope

1857 ongoing

< 1 year

Key Facts

Duration
8 days (27 July – 3 August 1857)
Defenders
18 civilians + 50 Bengal Military Police
Attacking force
~2,500–3,000 sepoys + ~8,000 irregular troops
First relief party casualties
~290 of ~415 men
Second relief party casualties
2
Defenders killed or wounded
1 injured

Strategic Narrative Overview

On 27 July 1857, mutinous sepoys and Kunwar Singh's irregulars surrounded a fortified outbuilding in Arrah held by 18 civilians and 50 Bengal Military Police. A relief column of roughly 415 men attempted to break the siege but was repulsed with approximately 290 casualties. Days later, a second relief force of only 225 men with three artillery guns—dispatched against explicit orders—advanced on the besiegers, dispersing them and ending the siege.

01 / The Origins

The siege occurred during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, when widespread mutiny among Bengal Native Infantry sepoys against British East India Company rule engulfed much of northern India. At Arrah in Bihar, Kunwar Singh—the zamindar of the Jagdishpur estate—allied with mutinying sepoys from three Bengal Native Infantry regiments, raising a combined force of approximately 10,000–11,000 men to challenge British authority in the region.

03 / The Outcome

The second relief force succeeded with just two casualties on 3 August 1857, and the besieged party escaped largely unharmed, with only one member having been injured during the entire siege. The successful defence and unauthorized relief became notable episodes of the 1857 rebellion, illustrating the vulnerability of British positions as well as the effectiveness of improvised responses under determined leadership.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Mutinying Bengal Native Infantry sepoys & Kunwar Singh's irregulars
Peak Mobilized Forces~11K
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0Mobilized
Key Commanders

Kunwar Singh.

Side B

2 belligerents

British civilians and Bengal Military Police (defenders)British relief forces (combined)
Peak Mobilized Forces708
Estimated Casualties293
Casualty Rate1.5%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Outcome
British defenders rescued; besieging forces dispersed by a 225-man relief column after eight days

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1857–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1857present1857Siege of Arrah (…Allied1857Siege of Arrah (…Side B

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Arrah, IndiaMap of Arrah, IndiaArrah, India