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Historical ConflictBadajoz

Siege of Badajoz

The 1812 siege of Badajoz was one of the bloodiest Allied assaults of the Peninsular War, costing nearly 4,800 casualties in hours of fighting.

Duration & Scope

1812 ongoing

< 1 year

Estimated Total Casualties

5K

Key Facts

Duration
16 March – 6 April 1812 (22 days)
Allied casualties (storming)
~4,800 killed or wounded
Civilian casualties (aftermath)
200–300 killed or injured
Days to restore order
3 days
Also known as
Third Siege of Badajoz

Strategic Narrative Overview

The siege began on 16 March 1812 with Allied forces digging approach trenches and battering the walls with artillery. After weeks of siege works, Wellington ordered a general assault on the night of 6 April. Attacking columns suffered devastating fire at the breaches, resulting in catastrophic losses within hours. The city was ultimately taken through a secondary escalade attack at the castle while the main breaches remained unforced.

01 / The Origins

Badajoz, a strategically vital fortress city on the Spanish-Portuguese border, had fallen to French forces earlier in the Peninsular War. Control of the city gave France a key gateway between Spain and Portugal. In early 1812, Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army moved to retake the fortress, recognising that capturing Badajoz was essential to securing the Iberian Peninsula and enabling a broader Allied offensive into Spain.

03 / The Outcome

The French garrison surrendered on 6 April 1812 after the castle was seized. Following the costly assault, Allied troops, enraged by their losses, broke into the city and went on a violent rampage lasting three days, killing or injuring an estimated 200–300 civilians before officers restored order. The capture opened the road for Wellington's subsequent advance into Spain.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Anglo-Portuguese Army (Britain & Portugal)
Estimated Casualties~5K
Key Commanders

Arthur Wellesley, Earl of Wellington.

Side B

1 belligerent

French Garrison of Badajoz
Total Casualties (all sides)
4,800
Outcome
Anglo-Portuguese victory; French garrison surrendered; city seized after costly storming of the breaches on 6 April 1812

Kinetic Engagement Axis

Major engagements timeline (1812–present)Timeline of major military engagements plotted chronologically.1812present1812Storming of the …Allied

Scroll horizontally to view full axis. Events plotted relatively.

Side A victorySide B victoryInconclusiveDecisive / turning point

Location

Map of Badajoz, SpainMap of Badajoz, SpainBadajoz, Spain