The referendum established Macedonia's democratic mandate for independence from Yugoslavia, leading to its proclamation as a sovereign state.
Key Facts
- Date
- 8 September 1991
- Vote in favour
- 96%
- Voter turnout
- 76%
- Ethnic Albanian participation
- Majority boycotted the referendum
- Independence Day
- 8 September, celebrated in North Macedonia
By the Numbers
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
As Yugoslavia began to dissolve in the early 1990s, the Socialist Republic of Macedonia sought to determine its political future. Tensions among Yugoslavia's constituent republics and desires for self-determination prompted Macedonian authorities to put the question of sovereignty and independence to a popular vote.
On 8 September 1991, citizens of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia voted in an independence referendum. The ballot asked whether voters supported a sovereign and independent Macedonia with the right to enter future alliances with other Yugoslav successor states. The measure passed with approximately 96% approval on a turnout of 76%, though most ethnic Albanians boycotted the vote.
Following the referendum's approval, Macedonia proclaimed independence from Yugoslavia. The date, 8 September, became the country's Independence Day. Macedonia eventually gained international recognition and, after a long dispute with Greece over its name, became officially known as North Macedonia.
Political Outcome
The referendum passed with 96% approval and 76% turnout, leading to Macedonia's proclamation of independence from Yugoslavia.
Socialist Republic of Macedonia, part of the Yugoslav federation
Independent sovereign state of Macedonia (later North Macedonia)