HistoryData
war2023

2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh — 2023 military offensive against the self-declared breakaway state of Artsakh

September 1, 2023

Azerbaijan's 2023 offensive ended the self-declared Republic of Artsakh and caused the mass exodus of nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population from Nagorno-Karabakh.

Quick Facts

Year
2023
Category
war

Key Facts

Offensive dates
19–20 September 2023
Ceasefire reached
20 September 2023, one day after offensive began
Artsakh dissolution decree
Signed 28 September 2023, effective 1 January 2024
Population displacement
Nearly entire Armenian population fled to Armenia
Blockade preceding offensive
10-month Azerbaijani blockade causing supply shortages
Peacekeeping mediator
Russian peacekeeping contingent

By the Numbers

19
Offensive dates
20
Ceasefire reached
28
Artsakh dissolution decree
10
Blockade preceding offensive

Location

Map of AzerbaijanMap of AzerbaijanAzerbaijan

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

A 10-month Azerbaijani blockade of Artsakh produced severe shortages of food, medicine, and essential goods for the region's Armenian population. This escalating humanitarian crisis coincided with Azerbaijan's longstanding claim to Nagorno-Karabakh as de jure sovereign territory and its objective to secure full disarmament and surrender of the Artsakh Defence Army.

Event

On 19–20 September 2023, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale military offensive against the self-declared Republic of Artsakh in Nagorno-Karabakh, violating the 2020 ceasefire. Within one day, a surrender agreement was brokered by the Russian peacekeeping contingent, requiring the disarmament of the Artsakh Defence Army and the withdrawal of all ethnic Armenian soldiers from the region.

Consequence

President Samvel Shahramanyan signed a decree on 28 September 2023 dissolving all Artsakh state institutions by 1 January 2024. Nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population fled through the Lachin corridor to Armenia. Human rights organizations and genocide prevention experts raised multiple alerts over ethnic cleansing, genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity in the region.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Azerbaijan

Side B

1 belligerent

Republic of Artsakh (Artsakh Defence Army)
Outcome
Surrender of Artsakh; dissolution of the breakaway republic by 1 January 2024; mass exodus of ethnic Armenian population to Armenia

Timeline Context

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