HistoryData
war1870

1870 last battle of the Paraguayan War

March 1, 1870

The Battle of Cerro Corá ended the Paraguayan War with the death of President Francisco Solano López, concluding over five years of devastating conflict.

Quick Facts

Year
1870
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
1 March 1870
Distance from Asunción
454 km (280 mi) northeast
Brazilian force size
~2,600 men
Paraguayans accompanying López
~500 people
Paraguayan casualties
~100 killed, 240 captured
Brazilian casualties
7 wounded

By the Numbers

1
Date
454
Distance from Asunción
2,600
Brazilian force size
500
Paraguayans accompanying López

Location

Cerro Corá, Paraguay

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

After more than five years of war, the Paraguayan army had been reduced to the elderly, the sick, and children. Following the last major combat at Acosta Ñu, López retreated northward with a column of about 500 people in desperate conditions. Brazilian commander Count of Eu organized pursuit expeditions, tracking López to Cerro Corá, which he reached on 8 February 1870.

Event

On 1 March 1870, Brazilian general José Antônio Correia da Câmara led roughly 2,600 troops in a surprise two-pronged assault on López's weakly defended camp. Both defensive positions fell quickly. López refused to surrender, was wounded by a spear, fled into the forest, and was ultimately shot near the Aquidaban stream, ending the battle within minutes.

Consequence

López's death effectively ended the Paraguayan War. Approximately 100 Paraguayans were killed and 240 captured, while only seven Brazilians were wounded. Over time, López's legacy became contested, viewed alternately as a tyrant and a national hero. The name Cerro Corá became embedded in Paraguayan culture, lending its name to streets, buildings, a national park, and a 1978 feature film.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Empire of Brazil
Peak Mobilized Forces~3K
Estimated Casualties7
Casualty Rate0.3%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

José Antônio Correia da Câmara.

Side B

1 belligerent

Paraguay
Peak Mobilized Forces500
Estimated Casualties340
Casualty Rate68.0%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

Francisco Solano López.

Total Casualties (all sides)
347
Outcome
Decisive Brazilian victory; Francisco Solano López killed; Paraguayan War ended

Timeline Context

Timeline around 18701870186718681869187118721873Encounters between settlers and Aboriginal people in Queensland, AustraliaRiots that took place in New York CityNeogrammarians — linguistic trend of a group of German philologists of the 19th century1870 U.S. Navy action against Mexican pirates1870 first battle of the Franco-Prussian War1870 battle during the Franco-Prussian War1870 battle of the Revolution of the LancesFinal event of Italian unification (1870)battle-of-cerro-cora-1870