A 1934 street clash between anti-fascists and Integralists in São Paulo that catalyzed the formation of the National Liberation Alliance against the Vargas government.
Key Facts
- Date
- October 7, 1934
- Total deaths
- 7 people
- Wounded
- approximately 30 people
- Integralist deaths
- 3 people
- Police/guard deaths
- 2 police officers and 1 civil guard
- AIB rally purpose
- Two-year anniversary of the Integralist Manifesto
By the Numbers
Location
Cause → Event → Consequence
Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB) scheduled a rally at Praça da Sé on October 7, 1934, to mark the second anniversary of the Integralist Manifesto. Upon learning of this plan, anti-fascist groups in São Paulo organized without central leadership to prevent the rally from proceeding, setting the stage for a violent confrontation.
Left-wing anti-fascists and AIB Integralists clashed in the center of São Paulo at Praça da Sé. The uncoordinated but determined anti-fascist forces confronted the Integralist rally, resulting in seven deaths — one anti-fascist student, three Integralists, two police officers, and one civil guard — and roughly thirty wounded.
The battle became a symbol of the anti-fascist movement in Brazil. The identification of young militant Tobias Warchavski among the dead sparked a political campaign against the Getúlio Vargas government's repressive policies. Combined with broader anti-fascist sentiment, this pressure contributed to the formation of the National Liberation Alliance by the Brazilian Communist Party.
Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis
Side A
1 belligerent
Side B
1 belligerent