HistoryData
war1780

1780 skirmish in North Carolina, US

October 14, 1780

A Patriot ambush at Shallow Ford helped delay British reinforcements to Charlotte, contributing to Cornwallis's retreat from North Carolina in 1780.

Quick Facts

Year
1780
Category
war

Key Facts

Date
October 14, 1780
Loyalist force size
Fewer than 350 mounted militia
Patriot force size
300 militia
Loyalist killed
At least 14
Loyalist captured
About 40
Patriot killed
1 (Captain Henry Francis)

By the Numbers

141,780
Date
350
Loyalist force size
300
Patriot force size
14
Loyalist killed

Location

Huntsville, United States

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

Following the British occupation of Charlotte, Loyalist militia under Colonel Gideon Wright and Captain Hezikiah Wright were crossing the Yadkin River heading northwest along Mulberry Fields Road, apparently moving to reinforce British positions. Major Joseph Cloyd assembled approximately 300 Patriot militia to intercept them roughly one mile from Shallow Ford.

Event

On October 14, 1780, Patriot militia ambushed the Loyalist column as it crested a ridge above the Whig position at about 9:30 in the morning. Fire was directed at the front of the Loyalist column, causing confusion among a force only partially across the river. At least 14 Loyalists were killed, including Captain Joseph Bryan, and roughly 40 were captured. Only one Patriot, Captain Henry Francis, died.

Consequence

The skirmish was one of several engagements that successfully delayed British reinforcements to Charlotte. Combined with the larger Patriot victory at King's Mountain and persistent harassment throughout the Carolinas, the battle contributed to Cornwallis's decision to abandon Charlotte and retreat south in November 1780.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Patriot militia
Peak Mobilized Forces300
Estimated Casualties1
Casualty Rate0.3%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

Major Joseph Cloyd.

Side B

1 belligerent

Loyalist militia
Peak Mobilized Forces350
Estimated Casualties54
Casualty Rate15.4%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Key Commanders

Colonel Gideon Wright, Captain Hezikiah Wright.

Outcome
Patriot victory; Loyalist column routed, at least 14 killed and about 40 captured

Timeline Context

Timeline around 17801780177717781779178117821783Conflict (1780–1784) between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Dutch Republic over British and Dutch disagreements on the legality and conduct of Dutch trade with the United States1780 battle of the Anglo-Spanish War during the American Revolutionary War1780 American Revolutionary War battle1780 battle during the American Revolutionary War in the West IndiesEvent in London in 1780June 20, 1780 battle during the American Revolutionary WarMassacre by Native Americans in frontier Kentucky1780 military engagement of the American Revolutionbattle-of-shallow-ford-1780