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war1945

Military operation on 9 February 1945

February 9, 1945

The high Allied aircraft losses during this fjord attack prompted RAF Coastal Command to reprioritize targets and increase fighter escort cover near Norway.

Quick Facts

Year
1945
Category
war

Key Facts

Beaufighters lost to FlaK
7
Beaufighters lost to Fw 190s
2
Mustangs lost to Fw 190s
1
German Fw 190s shot down
4 or 5
German ships attacked
Z33 and escorting vessels
Date of operation
9 February 1945

By the Numbers

7
Beaufighters lost to FlaK
2
Beaufighters lost to Fw 190s
1
Mustangs lost to Fw 190s
4
German Fw 190s shot down

Location

Map of Førde Fjord, NorwayMap of Førde Fjord, NorwayFørde Fjord, Norway

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

The British Admiralty instructed RAF Coastal Command to prioritize attacking the German destroyer Z33 and its escorts over a nearby group of merchant ships. The German vessels had taken shelter in Førde Fjord, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway, a location that offered strong natural cover and concentrated anti-aircraft defenses, making any aerial assault extremely hazardous.

Event

On 9 February 1945, Allied Bristol Beaufighters escorted by 65 Squadron RAF Mustang Mk IIIs attacked Z33 and its escorts in Førde Fjord. The aircraft faced intense FlaK and were intercepted by twelve Focke-Wulf Fw 190s of Jagdgeschwader 5. Seven Beaufighters were downed by anti-aircraft fire, two more and one Mustang by the Fw 190s, while Allied aircraft shot down four or five German fighters, including ace Rudi Linz.

Consequence

The severe losses during the operation—dubbed 'Black Friday' by survivors—caused RAF Coastal Command to shift targeting priorities, making merchant ships more important than destroyers and small warships. Additionally, a further squadron of P-51 Mustangs was assigned to protect Allied aircraft operating in Norwegian waters against Luftwaffe interception.

Belligerents & Mobilization Analysis

Side A

1 belligerent

Allied (RAF Coastal Command, 65 Squadron RAF)
Estimated Casualties10

Side B

1 belligerent

Germany (Kriegsmarine Z33, Jagdgeschwader 5 Luftwaffe)
Peak Mobilized Forces12
Estimated Casualties4
Casualty Rate33.3%
Forces vs Casualties ratio
0CasualtiesMobilized
Outcome
German ships damaged but not destroyed; heavy Allied aircraft losses; operation dubbed 'Black Friday' by survivors

Timeline Context

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