HistoryData
general1795

Battle where French forces captured Dutch ships using cavalry

January 23, 1795

One of the only recorded instances in military history where cavalry captured a fleet of warships, achieved by exploiting frozen waters.

Quick Facts

Year
1795
Category
general

Key Facts

Date
23 January 1795
Dutch warships captured
14 ships
French cavalry unit
8th Hussar Regiment
French infantry unit
Voltigeur company, 15th Line Infantry Regiment
Dutch fleet commander
Captain Hermanus Reintjes
French army commander
Jean-Charles Pichegru

By the Numbers

23
Date
14ships
Dutch warships captured
8
French cavalry unit
15
French infantry unit

Location

Map of Den Helder, NetherlandsMap of Den Helder, NetherlandsDen Helder, Netherlands

Cause → Event → Consequence

Cause

During the French Revolutionary Wars and the War of the First Coalition, French forces under General Jean-Charles Pichegru invaded the Dutch Republic. An unusually severe winter froze the waters of the Nieuwediep near Den Helder, immobilizing a Dutch fleet of 14 warships at anchor and creating conditions that made a cavalry approach across the ice possible.

Event

On the night of 23 January 1795, hussars of the French 8th Hussar Regiment, accompanied by infantry from the 15th Line Infantry Regiment, crossed the frozen Nieuwediep on horseback. The cavalry reached the stranded Dutch fleet and negotiated with Captain Hermanus Reintjes, securing the surrender of all 14 Dutch warships without significant armed resistance.

Consequence

All 14 Dutch warships passed into French control, depriving the Dutch Republic of a substantial naval force at a critical moment of the French invasion. The event became notable as an extraordinary military curiosity—cavalry capturing a fleet—and remains one of the few documented examples of horsemen successfully taking warships in the history of naval and land warfare.

Timeline Context

Timeline around 17951795179217931794179617971798Series of food riots and disturbances in England in 17951795 treaty ending the Northwest Indian War1795 naval battle of the War of the First Coalition1795 battle between Nizam and Maratha Confederacy in Western IndiaPopular revolt in Paris on 20 May 1795 against the policies of the Thermidorian ConventionConflict between native Darug people and the New South Wales Corps (1795)1795 event during the War of the PyreneesLarge naval engagement which took place on 23 June 1795capture-of-the-dutch-fleet-at-den-helder-1795